Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses related to memory operation with multiple sets of latencies are disclosed. A memory device or system that includes a memory device may be operable with one or several sets of latencies (e.g., read, write, or write recovery latencies), and the memory device or system may apply a set of latencies depending on which features of the memory device are enabled. For example, control circuitry may be configured to enable one or more features during operations on a memory array, and the control circuitry may apply a set of latency values based on a number or type of features that are enabled. The sets of latency values may depend, for example, on whether various control features (e.g., dynamic voltage frequency scaling) are enabled, and a device may operate within certain frequency ranges irrespective of other characteristics (e.g., mode register values) or latencies applied.

Abstract: The present invention aims to develop a method for treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a mutant strain thereof, and provides an agent for preventing and/or treating COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 or a mutant strain thereof, the agent comprising a specific compound.

Abstract: A battery module according to the present invention includes: a case body including a flat plate portion and a base portion projecting from the flat plate portion; a circuit board including a through-hole formed in a thickness direction and secured to the case body, the base portion being inserted into the through-hole; and a battery secured to and placed on the base portion, in which the battery is a flat battery with a coin shape or a button shape, and electrode plates connected to each of the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected to the circuit board to supply a power source to electronic components disposed on the circuit board.

Abstract: Biomarkers for diagnosing the disease activity, disease severity or disease type of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) such as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis are provided. Also provided is a method of testing SCARs, comprising measuring the expression of at least one protein selected from the group consisting of stratifin, TNF receptor superfamily member 8 (CD30/TNFRSF8), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and TNF receptor superfamily member 6B (DcR3/TNFRSF6B) in a sample derived from a subject.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a voltage applying portion applying a voltage to the transfer member, and a controller. The controller starts a control operation by applying a control voltage to the transfer member before a toner image is transferred to a transferred member from the image bearing member. On the basis of a coverage ratio indicating a ratio occupied by an image region per predetermined area regarding the toner image transferred to the transferred member from the image bearing member, the controller determines execution or non-execution of the control operation capable of being started before the toner image is transferred to the transferred member.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a fixing member has a surface layer having conductivity. A developer is a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, a reactant of a polyhydric acid and a compound containing a group 4 element is present on a surface of the toner particle, and Tv/Fv>100 is satisfied where Tv represents a volume resistivity upon being unfixed, and Fv represents a volume resistivity after fixing. A bias applying unit can selectively apply a bias of a positive polarity and a bias of a negative polarity, and applies a bias of the same polarity as the charged polarity of a filler included in a recording material when the recording material passes through a fixing nip portion, and when the recording material does not pass through the fixing nip portion, respectively.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a voltage applying portion applying a voltage to the transfer member, and a controller. The controller starts a control operation applying a control voltage to the transfer member before the toner image is transferred to the transferred member from the image bearing member. On the basis of a coverage ratio indicating a ratio occupied by an image region per predetermined area regarding the toner image transferred to the transferred member from the image bearing member, the controller determines execution or non-execution of the control operation capable of being started before the toner image is transferred to the transferred member.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a fixing member has a surface layer having conductivity. A developer is a toner having a toner particle including a binder resin, a reactant of a polyhydric acid and a compound containing a group 4 element is present on a surface of the toner particle, and Tv/Fv>100 is satisfied where Tv represents a volume resistivity upon being unfixed, and Fv represents a volume resistivity after fixing. A bias applying unit can selectively apply a bias of a positive polarity and a bias of a negative polarity, and applies a bias of the same polarity as the charged polarity of a filler included in a recording material when the recording material passes through a fixing nip portion, and when the recording material does not pass through the fixing nip portion, respectively.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear a non-fixed toner image, a transfer portion configured to transfer the non-fixed toner image onto a sheet at a transfer nip, a fixing portion including a first rotary member, a second rotary member and a heating portion configured to heat the first rotary member, a control portion configured to execute a nip image forming process of forming a nip image, on the sheet, corresponding to a shape of the fixing nip, and a reading unit configured to read the nip image, wherein the control portion sets the heating portion to a first temperature in a case where the non-fixed toner image passes through the fixing nip and sets the heating portion to a second temperature which is lower than the first temperature in a case where the nip image passes through the fixing nip.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member configured to bear a non-fixed toner image, a transfer portion configured to transfer the non-fixed toner image onto a sheet at a transfer nip, a fixing portion including a first rotary member, a second rotary member and a heating portion configured to heat the first rotary member, a control portion configured to execute a nip image forming process of forming a nip image, on the sheet, corresponding to a shape of the fixing nip, and a reading unit configured to read the nip image, wherein the control portion sets the heating portion to a first temperature in a case where the non-fixed toner image passes through the fixing nip and sets the heating portion to a second temperature which is lower than the first temperature in a case where the nip image passes through the fixing nip.

Abstract: A battery module according to the present invention includes: a case body including a flat plate portion and a base portion projecting from the flat plate portion; a circuit board including a through-hole formed in a thickness direction and secured to the case body, the base portion being inserted into the through-hole; and a battery secured to and placed on the base portion, in which the battery is a flat battery with a coin shape or a button shape, and electrode plates connected to each of the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected to the circuit board to supply a power source to electronic components disposed on the circuit board.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus in which an image forming speed is changed in a state where toner is provided between a photosensitive drum and an intermediate transfer member. Therefore, even if a speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member is generated, a drive torque can be suppressed, and deterioration caused by abrasion of the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member can be reduced.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which a toner image is to be formed; a transfer device for transferring the toner image carried on the image bearing member; and a rotationally movable endless transfer belt onto which the toner image is to be transferred or on which a transfer material onto which the toner image is to be transferred is to be conveyed. The transfer device includes a sheet member contacted to an inner peripheral surface of the transfer belt while being supported by a supporting member at an end thereof and includes an urging member for urging the sheet member against the transfer belt in contact to the sheet member. The urging member includes a projected portion projected toward the transfer belt at its downstream end portion more than at its upstream end portion with respect to a movement direction of the transfer belt.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus which shortens the time taken for circumference detection and measures the circumference at high precision without obstructing downsizing of the apparatus. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus detects, at an arbitrary timing, the physical pattern of the image-formed surface of a rotation member that changes over time. In the second round, the image forming apparatus detects the second pattern at a timing a predetermined time after the arbitrary timing. By using the detected patterns, the image forming apparatus obtains information associated with the circumference of the rotation member.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus including a rotation member used for image forming and a detector for detecting light from the rotation member. First waveform data of an image-formed surface used to form an image on the rotation member is acquired by the detector. Second waveform data of the image-formed surface used to form an image on the rotation member is acquired. The second waveform data includes at least part of a detected section of the first waveform data. Information on the actual circumference of the rotation member is calculated based on matching between the acquired first and second waveform data. The acquired first waveform data and second waveform data are compared to determine whether or not to use the calculated information on the circumference. When it is determined not to use the calculated information on the circumference, information on the circumference of the rotation member is recalculated.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a transfer roller that can be separated from an intermediate transfer belt. When an operational mode is switched from a multicolor mode to a mono-color mode, the image forming apparatus changes a rotational speed of the intermediate transfer belt to a level slower than a rotational speed of the intermediate transfer belt to be set in the multicolor mode to transfer a toner image to the intermediate transfer belt, then separates a first transfer member from the intermediate transfer belt, and after the first transfer member is separated from the intermediate transfer belt, the image forming apparatus increases the rotational speed of the intermediate transfer belt to a rotational speed to be set in the mono-color mode to transfer the toner image to the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus that accurately obtains the dynamic characteristic of the apparatus when a foreign substance is adhered to a driving roller for driving an endless belt, such as a facing roller. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus uses an optical sensor to detect information of a foreign substance on the facing roller. When it is determined that there is no foreign substance information, the image forming apparatus executes profile detection of an intermediate transfer belt using the nominal circumference of the facing roller. When the optical sensor detects foreign substance information, the image forming apparatus measures the circumference of the facing roller, and performs profile detection of the intermediate transfer belt using the measured circumference of the facing roller.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which a toner image is to be formed; a transfer device for transferring the toner image carried on the image bearing member; and a rotationally movable endless transfer belt onto which the toner image is to be transferred or on which a transfer material onto which the toner image is to be transferred is to be conveyed. The transfer device includes a sheet member contacted to an inner peripheral surface of the transfer belt while being supported by a supporting member at an end thereof and includes an urging member for urging the sheet member against the transfer belt in contact to the sheet member. The urging member includes a projected portion projected toward the transfer belt at its downstream end portion more than at its upstream end portion with respect to a movement direction of the transfer belt.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus in which an image forming speed is changed in a state where toner is provided between a photosensitive drum and an intermediate transfer member. Therefore, even if a speed difference between the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member is generated, a drive torque can be suppressed, and deterioration caused by abrasion of the photosensitive drum and the intermediate transfer member can be reduced.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus that accurately obtains the dynamic characteristic of the apparatus when a foreign substance is adhered to a driving roller for driving an endless belt, such as a facing roller. To accomplish this, the image forming apparatus uses an optical sensor to detect information of a foreign substance on the facing roller. When it is determined that there is no foreign substance information, the image forming apparatus executes profile detection of an intermediate transfer belt using the nominal circumference of the facing roller. When the optical sensor detects foreign substance information, the image forming apparatus measures the circumference of the facing roller, and performs profile detection of the intermediate transfer belt using the measured circumference of the facing roller.