Abstract: Provided is a high-frequency treatment tool including: a sheath having an inner hole that passes therethrough in a longitudinal direction; a first electrode portion that is formed in a rod shape, that passes through the inner hole of the sheath to protrude from a distal end of the sheath, and that is configured to apply a high-frequency current; a second electrode portion that is disposed at a position at which the second electrode portion is electrically connected with the first electrode portion; and a power source that uses the first electrode portion as a negative electrode, that uses the second electrode portion as a positive electrode, and that supply a current between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion so that a state in which attached matter attached to the first electrode portion is lifted from the first electrode portion due to osmosis is created.

Abstract: A button fastener made of metal for fastening a button such as a male snap button or a decorative button to a cloth, includes a plate-like base and a cylindrical post projecting from a center area of the base. The upper end face of the post is open as a top opening, and the lower end face of the post is open in the center area of the base as a bottom opening. To the button fastener, a closing member which closes the inside of the post at a proximal side thereof is provided. The closing member is a closing part which has been cut out, by a punch, of an unfinished post of a semifinished product which is fabricated to the button fastener and then displaced by the punch through the inside of the unfinished post toward the lower end.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a movable portion having a mirror plane, a fixed portion, a pair of combined torsion bars connecting the movable portion and the fixed portion to each other so that the movable portion can be rotationally displaced about a rotation axis with respect to the fixed portion, and a driver to drive the movable portion. Each combined torsion bar includes a plurality of torsion bars extending to be parallel to the rotation axis and a plurality of connecting bars, each of the connecting bars connecting one ends of each adjacent two of the torsion bars to each other. A torsion bar farther from the rotation axis has higher torsional rigidity than a torsion bar closer to the rotation axis.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a movable portion having a mirror plane, a fixed portion, a pair of combined torsion bars connecting the movable portion and the fixed portion to each other so that the movable portion can be rotationally displaced about a rotation axis with respect to the fixed portion, and a driver to drive the movable portion. Each combined torsion bar includes a plurality of torsion bars extending to be parallel to the rotation axis and a plurality of connecting bars, each of the connecting bars connecting one ends of each adjacent two of the torsion bars to each other. A torsion bar farther from the rotation axis has higher torsional rigidity than a torsion bar closer to the rotation axis.

Abstract: A button fastener made of metal for fastening a button such as a male snap button or a decorative button to a cloth, includes a plate-like base and a cylindrical post projecting from a center area of the base. The upper end face of the post is open as a top opening, and the lower end face of the post is open in the center area of the base as a bottom opening. To the button fastener, a closing member which closes the inside of the post at a proximal side thereof is provided. The closing member is a closing part which has been cut out, by a punch, of an unfinished post of a semifinished product which is fabricated to the button fastener and then displaced by the punch through the inside of the unfinished post toward the lower end.

Abstract: A ultrasonic transducer of the invention comprises: a transducer cell including a first electrode and a second electrode disposed separated from the first electrode by an air gap portion; and an electret for applying a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electret is disposed in a region where at least a part thereof does not overlap with the transducer cell when viewed from a transmitting direction of ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: An ultrasound transducer includes a substrate, an ultrasound transducer cell placed on one surface of the substrate and having a lower electrode, a first gap portion placed on the lower electrode and an upper electrode placed on the first gap portion, a first conductive layer placed on the other surface of the substrate and electrically connected to one of the lower electrode and the upper electrode, an electret film placed on the first conductive layer, an insulating layer placed on the electret film, and a second conductive layer placed on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the one of the lower electrode and the upper electrode not electrically connected to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: An ultrasound transducer includes a substrate, an ultrasound transducer cell placed on one surface of the substrate and having a lower electrode, a first gap portion placed on the lower electrode and an upper electrode placed on the first gap portion, a first conductive layer placed on the other surface of the substrate and electrically connected to one of the lower electrode and the upper electrode, an electret film placed on the first conductive layer, an insulating layer placed on the electret film, and a second conductive layer placed on the insulating layer and electrically connected to the one of the lower electrode and the upper electrode not electrically connected to the first conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical deflector capable of reducing a temperature drift of a strain gauge due to a temperature gradient, and detecting with high accuracy an angular displacement of a mirror surface. The optical deflector includes a movable plate, two fixed portions which are disposed at an outer side of the movable plate, two elastic supporting members which are disposed to be substantially symmetric about a center line of the movable plate, and which connect the movable plate and the two fixed portions, an angular-displacement detecting portion having a Wheatston bridge as a measuring portion which includes two active resistors, and two reference resistors, and detects an angular displacement of the movable plate, and at least one resistor element is provided on the elastic supporting portion. All of the four resistor elements are in an isothermal characteristics area.

Abstract: A ultrasonic transducer of the invention comprises: a transducer cell including a first electrode and a second electrode disposed separated from the first electrode by an air gap portion; and an electret for applying a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electret is disposed in a region where at least a part thereof does not overlap with the transducer cell when viewed from a transmitting direction of ultrasonic waves.

Abstract: An optical switch includes an input optical fiber, an output optical fiber, a grating which performs spectral separation of an optical signal to a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths, a plurality of movable mirrors, each reflecting an optical light subjected to spectral separation, and directing the optical light appropriately to the input fiber, and each of the movable mirrors can be inclined, a mirror-angle detector which detects an angle of inclination of each of the movable mirrors, a table which associates a wavelength number which identifies the optical signals of the plurality of wavelengths, and an output-destination number which identifies the input optical fiber or the output optical fiber, with the angle of inclination of each movable mirror, and a control circuit which performs a feed-back control such that an angle of inclination AD which is output from the table and an output from the mirror-angle detector match.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a magnet unit, which generates a magnetic field, and a movable plate unit, which is placed in the magnetic field. The movable plate unit has an inner movable plate having a reflecting surface, an outer movable plate, two inner torsion bars connecting the inner and outer movable plates, a support located outside the outer movable plate, and two outer torsion bars connecting the outer movable plate and support. The movable plate unit has two inner drive wiring portions that extend along by a periphery of the inner movable plate. The magnet unit includes magnets, two adjacent magnets of which are opposite in magnetic polarity direction. The inner drive wiring portions extend almost parallel to boundaries between the two adjacent magnets and are respectively located substantially immediately above the boundaries. Currents of the same direction are applied to the two inner drive wiring portions.

Abstract: An optical deflector array has a first board, second board, and magnetic field generator. The first board has movable plates respectively having reflecting surfaces, wirings passing through the respective movable plates, and first connecting portions provided at the two ends of the each wiring. The second board has second connecting portions electrically connected to the first connecting portions of the first board, third connecting portions for external electrical connection, and connecting wirings electrically connecting the second connecting portions and the third connecting portions. The optical deflector array further has connecting members that electrically connect the first connecting portions of the first board to the second connecting portions of the second board.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a magnet unit and a movable plate unit. The movable plate unit has an inner movable plate having a reflecting surface, an outer movable plate, two inner torsion bars connecting the inner and outer movable plates, a support located outside the outer movable plate, and two outer torsion bars connecting the outer movable plate and support. The movable plate unit has two inner wirings, each of which has an inner drive wiring portion that extends along by a periphery of the inner movable plate and two inner extracted wiring portions extending from two ends of the inner drive wiring portion. The two inner drive wiring portions are located substantially line-symmetrically with respect to the first axis. The two inner extracted wiring portions are located substantially line-symmetrically with respect to the second axis. Currents of the same direction are applied to the two inner drive wiring portions.

Abstract: An optical switch includes an input optical fiber, an output optical fiber, a grating which performs spectral separation of an optical signal to a plurality of optical signals having different wavelengths, a plurality of movable mirrors, each reflecting an optical light subjected to spectral separation, and directing the optical light appropriately to the input fiber, and each of the movable mirrors can be inclined, a mirror-angle detector which detects an angle of inclination of each of the movable mirrors, a table which associates a wavelength number which identifies the optical signals of the plurality of wavelengths, and an output-destination number which identifies the input optical fiber or the output optical fiber, with the angle of inclination of each movable mirror, and a control circuit which performs a feed-back control such that an angle of inclination AD which is output from the table and an output from the mirror-angle detector match.

Abstract: A two-dimensional optical deflector includes a first deflector, which deflects a light beam about a first axis at a high speed, a second deflector, which deflects a light beam about a second axis perpendicular to the first axis at a low speed, and a fixing mechanism, which fixes the first deflector to the second deflector. The second deflector includes a rotation shaft capable of rocking about the second axis. The fixing mechanism includes a fixing member having a rotation shaft fixing hole, which engages with the rotation shaft with almost no space, and a fastener, which decreases the diameter of the rotation shaft fixing hole of the fixing member. The fixing member includes a first deflector mount surface. The first deflector is fixed to the fixing member so that a reflecting surface of the first deflector in a non-actuation state is almost parallel to the first deflector mount surface.

Abstract: A light deflector comprises a first movable plate having a reflective surface, fixing portions, a pair of second movable plates located between the first movable plate and the fixing portions, a pair of first elastic members supporting the first movable plate so as to allow it to oscillate with respect to the second movable plates, a pair of second elastic members supporting the second movable plates so as to allow them to oscillate with respect to the fixing portions, and an actuator to oscillate the first movable plate. Oscillation axis of the first elastic members and oscillation axis of the second elastic members are located on the same axis. Stiffness of the second elastic members against oscillation is lower than stiffness of the first elastic members against oscillation.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a support, a frame-like outer movable plate positioned inside the support, two outer torsion bars connecting the support and outer movable plate, an inner movable plate positioned inside the outer movable plate, two inner torsion bars connecting the outer movable plate and inner movable plate, an outer driving coil on the outer movable plate, an outer movable plate driving magnetic field generator, an inner driving coil on the inner movable plate, an inner movable plate driving magnetic field generator, an outer driving coil wiring electrically connected to the outer driving coil, and an inner driving coil wiring electrically connected to the inner driving coil. The inner driving coil wiring extends on the outer movable plate so as to avoid a magnetic field generated by the outer movable plate driving magnetic field generator.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical deflector which is capable of reducing a temperature drift of a strain gauge due to a temperature gradient, and detecting with high accuracy an angular displacement of a mirror surface. The optical deflector which deflects light includes a movable plate, two fixed portions which are disposed at an outer side of the movable plate, two elastic supporting members which are disposed such that the elastic supporting members are substantially symmetric about a center line of the movable plate, and which connect the movable plate and the two fixed portions, an angular-displacement detecting portion having a Wheatston bridge as a measuring portion which includes two active resistors, and two reference resistors, and detects an angular displacement of the movable plate, and at least one resistor element, such as the two active resistors are provided on the elastic supporting portion.

Abstract: An optical deflector includes a support, a frame-like outer movable plate positioned inside the support, two outer torsion bars connecting the support and outer movable plate, an inner movable plate positioned inside the outer movable plate, two inner torsion bars connecting the outer movable plate and inner movable plate, an outer driving coil on the outer movable plate, an outer movable plate driving magnetic field generator, an inner driving coil on the inner movable plate, an inner movable plate driving magnetic field generator, an outer driving coil wiring electrically connected to the outer driving coil, and an inner driving coil wiring electrically connected to the inner driving coil. The inner driving coil wiring extends on the outer movable plate so as to avoid a magnetic field generated by the outer movable plate driving magnetic field generator.