Abstract: A residual stress distribution measuring method of the present invention is characterized by comprising: by using an analytical model in which a cut-surface is interpolated to a cross section of a metal member, the step of calculating a residual force vector that is a sum of a load vector acting on a first metal piece at the cut-surface and a load vector acting on a second metal piece at the cut-surface; the step of calculating, as a modified displacement vector, an amount of movement at the cross section by interpolating the residual force vector as a forced load to the cross section of an analytical model of the metal member; by using an analytical model having the shape of a cut-surface of a measured first or second metal piece, the step of modifying the shape of the cut-surface of the first or the second metal piece on the basis of the calculated modified displacement vector; and by using the analytical model in which the shape of the cut-surface of the first or the second metal piece is modified, the

Abstract: A residual stress distribution measuring method of the present invention is characterized by comprising: by using an analytical model in which a cut-surface is interpolated to a cross section of a metal member, the step of calculating a residual force vector that is a sum of a load vector acting on a first metal piece at the cut-surface and a load vector acting on a second metal piece at the cut-surface; the step of calculating, as a modified displacement vector, an amount of movement at the cross section by interpolating the residual force vector as a forced load to the cross section of an analytical model of the metal member; by using an analytical model having the shape of a cut-surface of a measured first or second metal piece, the step of modifying the shape of the cut-surface of the first or the second metal piece on the basis of the calculated modified displacement vector; and by using the analytical model in which the shape of the cut-surface of the first or the second metal piece is modified, the

Abstract: A dirt and oil removing apparatus that is placed in the tub of a household or industrial washer for reducing or eliminating the need for detergent. The dirt and oil removing apparatus includes a water permeable receptacle made of a lipophilic fiber, which absorbs oil or oil like liquids. The receptacle holds pieces of inorganic material for absorbing or adsorbing dirt and pieces of lightweight material for decreasing the density of the apparatus as a whole. Preferably, the density of the apparatus as a whole is about 0.90 to about 0.93.