Abstract: A composite substrate includes, in this order: a ceramic plate; a metal layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum and an aluminum alloy; and a thermal sprayed layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of copper and a copper alloy, and an intermetallic compound containing copper and aluminum as constituent elements is scattered between the metal layer and the thermal sprayed layer.

Abstract: A terminal device uploads data to a storage device. The terminal device includes a processor and a memory storing instructions that cause the device to determine whether data to be uploaded is a file or a partial dataset being used by an application, determine whether one or more data objects created in a given format is included in the data to be uploaded determined to be the partial dataset, generate image data and a shared byte string from the data to be uploaded if the data objects created in the given format are included in the data to be uploaded, send the data to be uploaded to the storage device as shared data if the data to be uploaded is the file, and send the image data and the shared byte string to the storage device as the shared data if the data to be uploaded is the partial dataset.

Abstract: A method of outputting digital ink data includes: detecting one or more pieces of stroke data; judging whether the one or more pieces of stroke data form a complete unit of semantics; in a case that the one or more pieces of the stroke data form the complete unit of semantics, aggregating the one or more pieces of stroke data into one message; and outputting the aggregated one or more pieces of stroke data together in the one message.

Abstract: A cooling channel structure includes a tubular member with openings at both ends. In an inner portion or on a surface of the tubular member, as cooling channels for flowing a cooling medium for cooling the tubular member, provided are a plurality of spiral outer surface-side channels located on an outer surface side of the tubular member, at least one inner surface-side channel located on an inner surface side of the tubular member, and a plurality of folded channels, respectively, connecting the plurality of outer surface-side channels and the at least one inner surface-side channel on one end side of the tubular member.

Abstract: Provided are a first wall section extending along a first direction, a second wall section disposed at an interval from the first wall section in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a plurality of partition wall sections connecting the first wall section and the second wall section so as to form at least one cooling channel between the first wall section and the second wall section, the cooling channel having a plurality of channel cross-sections disposed at intervals in the first direction. In a cross-section including the first direction and the second direction, at least a part of each of the partition wall sections extends along a direction intersecting with the second direction.

Abstract: A method of outputting digital ink data includes: detecting one or more pieces of stroke data; judging whether the one or more pieces of stroke data form a complete unit of semantics; in a case that the one or more pieces of the stroke data form the complete unit of semantics, aggregating the one or more pieces of stroke data into one message; and outputting the aggregated one or more pieces of stroke data together in the one message.

Abstract: A method of receiving ink data includes: receiving a first fragment of a stroke object in a message associated with a first fragment identifier (ID), receiving a third fragment of the stroke object in a message associated with a third fragment ID, the third fragment ID not being consecutive with the first fragment ID, interpolating a second fragment of the stroke object that is not received based on the first and third fragments of the stroke object, displaying the second fragment of the stroke object that is not received, and after an end of the stroke object is received, transmitting a request for retransmission of the stroke object, the request including a stroke ID of the stroke object.

Abstract: A method of receiving ink data includes: receiving a first fragment of a stroke object in a message associated with a first fragment identifier (ID), receiving a third fragment of the stroke object in a message associated with a third fragment ID, the third fragment ID not being consecutive with the first fragment ID, interpolating a second fragment of the stroke object that is not received based on the first and third fragments of the stroke object, displaying the second fragment of the stroke object that is not received, and after an end of the stroke object is received, transmitting a request for retransmission of the stroke object, the request including a stroke ID of the stroke object.

Abstract: A method implemented by a transmission device to communicate with multiple reception devices that respectively share a drawing area with the transmission device is provided. The transmission device transmits to the multiple reception devices vector-data ink data representative of traces of input operation detected by an input sensor of the transmission device. The method includes: (a) an ink data generation step of generating fragmented data of a stroke object, wherein the stroke object contains multiple point objects to represent a trace formed by a pointer, the fragmented data being generated per defined unit T, and generating a drawing style object; (b) a message formation step of generating messages including the drawing style object and the fragmented data; and (c) a transmission step of transmitting the messages.

Abstract: A method implemented by a transmission device to communicate with multiple reception devices that respectively share a drawing area with the transmission device is provided. The transmission device transmits to the multiple reception devices vector-data ink data representative of traces of input operation detected by an input sensor of the transmission device. The method includes: (a) an ink data generation step of generating fragmented data of a stroke object, wherein the stroke object contains multiple point objects to represent a trace formed by a pointer, the fragmented data being generated per defined unit T, and generating a drawing style object; (b) a message formation step of generating messages including the drawing style object and the fragmented data; and (c) a transmission step of transmitting the messages.

Abstract: A method implemented by a transmission device to communicate with multiple reception devices that respectively share a drawing area with the transmission device is provided. The transmission device transmits to the multiple reception devices vector-data ink data representative of traces of input operation detected by an input sensor of the transmission device. The method includes: (a) an ink data generation step of generating fragmented data of a stroke object, wherein the stroke object contains multiple point objects to represent a trace formed by a pointer, the fragmented data being generated per defined unit T, and generating a drawing style object; (b) a message formation step of generating messages including the drawing style object and the fragmented data; and (c) a transmission step of transmitting the messages.

Abstract: Handwriting verification methods and related computer systems, and handwriting-based user authentication methods and related computer systems are disclosed. A handwriting verification method comprises obtaining a handwriting test sample containing a plurality of available parameters, extracting geometric parameters, deriving geometric features comprising an x-position value and a y-position value for each of a plurality of feature points in the test sample, performing feature matching between geometric features of the test sample and a reference sample, determining a handwriting verification result based at least in part on the feature matching, and outputting the handwriting verification result. The geometric features may further comprise values derived from the geometric parameters, such as direction and curvature values. The handwriting verification result can be further based on a count of unlinked feature points.

Abstract: A terminal device uploads data to a storage device. The terminal device includes a processor and a memory storing instructions that cause the device to determine whether data to be uploaded is a file or a partial dataset being used by an application, determine whether one or more data objects created in a given format is included in the data to be uploaded determined to be the partial dataset, generate image data and a shared byte string from the data to be uploaded if the data objects created in the given format are included in the data to be uploaded, send the data to be uploaded to the storage device as shared data if the data to be uploaded is the file, and send the image data and the shared byte string to the storage device as the shared data if the data to be uploaded is the partial dataset.

Abstract: A method implemented by a transmission device to communicate with multiple reception devices that respectively share a drawing area with the transmission device is provided. The transmission device transmits to the multiple reception devices vector-data ink data representative of traces of input operation detected by an input sensor of the transmission device. The method includes: (a) an ink data generation step of generating fragmented data of a stroke object, wherein the stroke object contains multiple point objects to represent a trace formed by a pointer, the fragmented data being generated per defined unit T, and generating a drawing style object; (b) a message formation step of generating messages including the drawing style object and the fragmented data; and (c) a transmission step of transmitting the messages.

Abstract: Handwriting verification methods and related computer systems, and handwriting-based user authentication methods and related computer systems are disclosed. A handwriting verification method comprises obtaining a handwriting test sample containing a plurality of available parameters, extracting geometric parameters, deriving geometric features comprising an x-position value and a y-position value for each of a plurality of feature points in the test sample, performing feature matching between geometric features of the test sample and a reference sample, determining a handwriting verification result based at least in part on the feature matching, and outputting the handwriting verification result. The geometric features may further comprise values derived from the geometric parameters, such as direction and curvature values. The handwriting verification result can be further based on a count of unlinked feature points.

Abstract: Handwriting verification methods and related computer systems, and handwriting-based user authentication methods and related computer systems are disclosed. A handwriting verification method comprises obtaining a handwriting test sample containing a plurality of available parameters, extracting geometric parameters, deriving geometric features comprising an x-position value and a y-position value for each of a plurality of feature points in the test sample, performing feature matching between geometric features of the test sample and a reference sample, determining a handwriting verification result based at least in part on the feature matching, and outputting the handwriting verification result. The geometric features may further comprise values derived from the geometric parameters, such as direction and curvature values. The handwriting verification result can be further based on a count of unlinked feature points.

Abstract: It is provided cosmetics to prevent to come off and keep long. The cosmetic comprises specific polyurethane particles with a cosmetic base. The specific polyurethane particle consists of a body of the polyurethane particle and hydrophilic fine silica powders existing on the body. The body is obtained by three-dimensionally polymerizing an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer with trifunctional or more functional amines. The isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer is obtained by reacting polyisocyanates and polyols including a poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol. The polyurethane particles are obtained by spray-drying a mixed aqueous dispersion in which the hydrophilic fine silica powders and the polyurethane spheres are dispersed in water.

Abstract: It is provided smooth polyurethane particles for oil absorption under producing, treating, keeping and transporting. A polyurethane particle consists of a body of the polyurethane particle and hydrophilic fine silica powders existing on the body. The body is obtained by three-dimensionally polymerizing an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer with trifunctional or more functional amines. The isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer is obtained by reacting polyisocyanates and polyols including a poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol. The polyurethane particles are obtained by spray-drying a mixed aqueous dispersion in which the hydrophilic fine silica powders and the polyurethane spheres are dispersed in water.

Abstract: To provide vinyl-urethane copolymers that can form cured articles having excellent hot-water resistance, water resistance, heat resistance, and weather resistance, and to provide production methods thereof. A vinyl-urethane copolymer contains at least one vinyl polymer chain and at least one urethane polymer chain, in which the vinyl polymer chain is combined with the urethane polymer chain through a linkage segment having a silicon-oxygen bond.

Abstract: A communication system which causes a terminal apparatus to access a server apparatus via a network includes a communication session centralizing apparatus between the network and at lest one terminal apparatus. The communication session centralizing apparatus performs, for each user of the terminal apparatus, processing of establishing a session for a communication partner terminal on behalf of the user via a control apparatus of the network using a predetermined signaling protocol to obtain a use permission of the network.