Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a crown surface of a piston, an inner wall surface of a cylinder in which the piston is slidably accommodated, and a pentroof-type ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head and formed with an intake port and an exhaust port. The crown surface includes an exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side bottom part, an exhaust-side sloped surface rising toward a center part of the crown surface from the exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side sloped surface rising toward the center part from the intake-side bottom part, and a flat surface provided continuously between upper ends of the exhaust-side and intake-side sloped surfaces, and extending perpendicularly to a cylinder axial direction in the center part of the crown surface. A surface area of the flat surface is larger than a surface area of the exhaust-side sloped surface.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a piston crown surface, an inner wall surface of a cylinder, and a pentroof ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head, and an ignition part of a spark plug disposed at the ceiling surface to achieve flame propagation combustion inside the combustion chamber. A cavity recessed in a spherical cap shape is formed in a central area of the crown surface. An opening of an intake port is formed in the ceiling surface (intake side) and an opening of an exhaust port is formed in the ceiling surface (exhaust side). When seen in a cross-sectional view taken along a cylinder axis, the ignition part is located above the cavity to be offset toward the exhaust side with respect to a cylinder axial line whereas a cavity center point is located to be offset toward the intake side.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a piston crown surface, an inner wall surface of a cylinder, and a pentroof ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head, and an ignition part of a spark plug disposed at the ceiling surface to achieve flame propagation combustion inside the combustion chamber. A cavity recessed in a spherical cap shape is formed in a central area of the crown surface. An opening of an intake port is formed in the ceiling surface (intake side) and an opening of an exhaust port is formed in the ceiling surface (exhaust side). When seen in a cross-sectional view taken along a cylinder axis, the ignition part is located above the cavity to be offset toward the exhaust side with respect to a cylinder axial line whereas a cavity center point is located to be offset toward the intake side.

Abstract: An engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber defined by a crown surface of a piston, an inner wall surface of a cylinder in which the piston is slidably accommodated, and a pentroof-type ceiling surface formed in a cylinder head and formed with an intake port and an exhaust port. The crown surface includes an exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side bottom part, an exhaust-side sloped surface rising toward a center part of the crown surface from the exhaust-side bottom part, an intake-side sloped surface rising toward the center part from the intake-side bottom part, and a flat surface provided continuously between upper ends of the exhaust-side and intake-side sloped surfaces, and extending perpendicularly to a cylinder axial direction in the center part of the crown surface. A surface area of the flat surface is larger than a surface area of the exhaust-side sloped surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device of an engine 1 including an injector. The injector has a needle which is displaced between a close position where no fuel is allowed to flow into a sac portion and an open position where the fuel is allowed to flow into the sac portion. The control device has a fuel injection controller controlling a fuel injection period and an injector controller controlling a motion of the needle. The injector controller executes control to reduce a moving speed of the needle before the needle reaches the closed position when the injection period ends.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug. The cavity includes a bottom surface and a tubular peripheral surface, and is formed in such a way that a ratio of a depth of the cavity with respect to a diameter of the cavity is 0.3 or smaller.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that an inclination angle of the exhaust-side inclined surface is smaller than an inclination angle of the intake-side inclined surface, and a difference in inclination angle between the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface is 4 degrees or larger.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that a ratio of a length of the exhaust-side inclined surface with respect to a length of the intake-side inclined surface is 1.25 or larger in a cross section passing through a center axis of the piston and orthogonal to an axis direction of a crankshaft.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that an inclination angle of the exhaust-side inclined surface is smaller than an inclination angle of the intake-side inclined surface, and a difference in inclination angle between the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface is 4 degrees or larger.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that a ratio of a length of the exhaust-side inclined surface with respect to a length of the intake-side inclined surface is 1.25 or larger in a cross section passing through a center axis of the piston and orthogonal to an axis direction of a crankshaft.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug, the intake-side inclined surface and the exhaust-side inclined surface are formed in such a way that an angle defined by an orthogonal plane orthogonal to a center axis of a cylinder and the exhaust-side inclined surface) is smaller than an angle defined by the orthogonal plane and a valve head bottom surface of an exhaust valve, and an inclination angle difference between the exhaust-side inclined surface and the valve head bottom surface of the exhaust valve is larger than an inclination angle difference between the intake-side inclined surface and a valve head bottom surface of an intake valve by 3 degrees or larger.

Abstract: In a spark-ignition internal combustion engine in which a protrusion including an intake-side inclined surface and an exhaust-side inclined surface is formed on a top surface of a piston, and a cavity is formed in the protrusion at a position associated with a spark plug. The cavity includes a bottom surface and a tubular peripheral surface, and is formed in such a way that a ratio of a depth of the cavity with respect to a diameter of the cavity is 0.3 or smaller.

Abstract: Disclosed is a control device of an engine 1 including an injector. The injector has a needle which is displaced between a close position where no fuel is allowed to flow into a sac portion and an open position where the fuel is allowed to flow into the sac portion. The control device has a fuel injection controller controlling a fuel injection period and an injector controller controlling a motion of the needle. The injector controller executes control to reduce a moving speed of the needle before the needle reaches the closed position when the injection period ends.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe of an engine includes a crank-shaped pipe portion having a first bend and a second bend which guide exhaust gas to a mixer, and a straight pipe portion which is continuous with the second bend. The mixer is arranged in the straight pipe portion. An injector is attached to a portion of the second bend which faces the mixer. The injector has an injection axis which extends in a longitudinal direction of the straight pipe portion so as to point toward the mixer. A guide which guides a part of the exhaust gas from the first bend toward the injector is provided inside the crank-shaped pipe portion.

Abstract: A health monitoring system includes a measurement unit that measures fluid information on fluid in reserved water into which urine of a user of a toilet has flowed, an interpretation unit that interprets the urine by analyzing a fluid model obtained by modeling a region in which the fluid flows on the basis of the fluid information, and an inference unit that infers a disease of the user on the basis of urination information of the urine, and the measurement unit includes a cartridge that stores films of which color changes according to components of the reserved water into which the urine has flowed, and extrudes the film to be used for measurement from the cartridge each time the measurement unit measures the fluid information.

Abstract: A health monitoring system includes: a measurement unit that measures fluid information about a fluid in a puddle of water into which urine excreted by a user of a toilet has flowed; an analysis part that analyzes the excreted urine by assaying a fluid model formed by modeling the fluid based on the fluid information; and an estimation part that estimates a disease of the user based on excreted urine information about the excreted urine.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe of an engine includes a crank-shaped pipe portion having a first bend and a second bend which guide exhaust gas to a mixer, and a straight pipe portion which is continuous with the second bend. The mixer is arranged in the straight pipe portion. An injector is attached to a portion of the second bend which faces the mixer. The injector has an injection axis which extends in a longitudinal direction of the straight pipe portion so as to point toward the mixer. A guide which guides a part of the exhaust gas from the first bend toward the injector is provided inside the crank-shaped pipe portion.

Abstract: Provided is a control device of an engine that can certainly suppress and avoid pre-ignition. A control device of an engine is an engine control device for controlling the behavior of fuel that is directly injected into a combustion chamber of a cylinder by a tumble flow, and it has an injector that directly injects the fuel into the combustion chamber, an intake port that generates the tumble flow in the combustion chamber, and an ECU that injects the fuel from the injector at a plurality of injection timings including an intake-stroke-early-half injection timing that is set at an early half of the intake stroke of the cylinder, when an operating state of the engine is in a high-load, low-rotation range.

Abstract: A fuel control system of an engine is provided which controls, by using a tumble flow, a behavior of fuel directly injected into a combustion chamber formed inside a cylinder of the engine. The fuel control system includes a fuel injector for directly injecting the fuel into the combustion chamber, a tumble flow generator for generating the tumble flow within the combustion chamber, and a fuel injector controlling module for causing the fuel injector to inject the fuel at a first injection timing and then inject a smaller amount of fuel than an amount injected at the first injection timing, in a direction opposing a positive direction of the tumble flow at a second injection timing, the first injection timing designed to be in an intake stroke of the cylinder, the second injection timing designed to be in a latter half of the compression stroke of the cylinder.

Abstract: An intake device of an engine having cylinders is provided. The intake device includes a cylinder head formed with two intake ports per cylinder, and a forced induction system. One of the two intake ports is designed to have a smaller passage cross-sectional area at a throat portion thereof than that of the other intake port, and to cause a strength of a tumble flow strength of intake air formed within a combustion chamber to be stronger when a flow of the intake air into the combustion chamber is assumed to be caused only from the one of the two intake ports, than only from the other intake port. A tumble ratio of the intake air flow within the combustion chamber is a predetermined value or greater when the intake air is forcibly induced and flows into the combustion chamber from the two intake ports.