Abstract: In order to reduce the number of processes for manufacturing spacers and to prevent quality degradation resulting from a cell gap, a spacer 115 in a semi-transmission area 12 is formed outside of a region of a bump layer 118B. Thus, it is made possible to manufacture the spacer in the transmission region 11 and the spacer outside of the region of the bump layer in the same process. Accordingly, the number of processes can be reduced. Moreover, it is made possible to determine the cell gap in the semi-transmission area 12 by a single element of a spacer. Accordingly, precision degradation of the cell gap, which results from the bump layer, can be prevented, and high display quality can be obtained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display panel and an optical unit. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of projections. Each of the pixel electrodes has a major axis that is 160 ?m or less long. A value obtained by dividing a height of the projections by a gap d between the first and second substrates is 0.14 to 0.6. The projections are 15 ?m or less wide as measured in the first direction. The apparatus satisfied the relation of MIN (la, lb)/d<10.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, signal lines provided on the substrate, scanning lines which are perpendicular to the signal lines, switching elements which are provided at intersection portions between the signal lines, pixel electrodes and storage capacitance electrodes which are disposed in a matrix on the substrate, a contact hole which connects the pixel electrode and the switching element, or the switching element and the storage capacitance electrode, a counter-substrate which is disposed to be opposed to the substrate, a counter-electrode which is formed on the counter-substrate, and a liquid crystal layer which is held between the substrates and is formed of a liquid crystal with a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, the counter-electrode having an electrode missing part which is disposed at a position that is opposed to the contact hole.

Abstract: In order to realize a thinner liquid crystal display, supporting layers which would otherwise be respectively disposed in polarizing plates, each of which is at the side of a liquid crystal cell, are excluded. And retardation films, which are respectively disposed in the polarizers, each of which is at the side of the liquid crystal cell, are used with an additional function as protective layers of the polarizers. In order to reduce display unevenness, absorption axes of the polarizers are neither parallel nor perpendicular to slow axes respectively of the retardation films. Moreover, the absorption axes of the polarizers are neither parallel nor perpendicular to any one of the sides of the respective retardation films.

Abstract: In order to maintain display performance of a display device, the display device includes an optical sensor disposed across three sub-pixels of red, green and blue colors in each pixel. This configuration makes it possible to adjust the aperture ratios of the respective sub-pixels, and thus to make the amount of light passing through the respective sub-pixels closer to one another. In other words, the white balance can be maintained.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the substrates and in which nematic liquid crystal molecules are arranged in substantially parallel to each of the substrates without distortion, first and second optical anisotropic elements respectively disposed on the substrates on the sides opposite to the liquid crystal layer, first and second half-wavelength plates respectively disposed on the optical anisotropic elements, and first and second polarizing plates respectively disposed on the half-wavelength plates. Particularly, the substrate includes a light transmitting section which permits backlight light from the polarizing plate side to transmit therethrough and a light reflecting section which reflects ambient light from the polarizing plate side and at least one of the optical anisotropic elements is formed of two retardation plates having a retardation in a plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a gradation display function of at least an n-number of gray levels and has a viewing angle characteristic of Mi/Mj?1.3 in a case where a display luminance range in a normal direction to a display surface in a gradation range of predetermined gray levels i to j is Li to Lj and a display luminance range in an oblique viewing-angle direction of 30° or more is Mi to Mj (where n, i and j are real numbers, and n?i>j?0). The liquid crystal display device has a display mode in which a display image is displayed with a display luminance range of the display image being limited to Li to Lj.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display panel and an optical unit. The liquid crystal display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes, and a plurality of projections. Each of the pixel electrodes has a major axis that is 160 ?m or less long. A value obtained by dividing a height of the projections by a gap d between the first and second substrates is 0.14 to 0.6. The projections are 15 ?m or less wide as measured in the first direction. The apparatus satisfied the relation of MIN (la, lb)/d<10.

Abstract: In order to reduce an occurrence of a double image, to improve a contrast ratio in transmissive display, and to widen a viewing angle, a light diffusion layer for restricting the occurrence of the double image is placed between a viewing angle compensating plate and a reflective layer. With this configuration, though traveling directions of light emitted from a backlight placed on an outside of the reflective layer are changed in the light diffusion layer, the traveling directions are not changed in the viewing angle compensating plate and a liquid crystal layer once the light is made incident onto the viewing angle compensating plate, and the light travels straight in any of the vertical direction and slanting directions. Thus, the viewing angle compensating plate can exert an original function thereof to compensate a phase difference and can ensure a viewing angle widely.

Abstract: First, a correction is made for correcting the mask pattern configuration of a photomask (3) used for exposure in accordance with the space between a mask pattern and an adjacent mask pattern thereto and a desired configuration to be transferred from the mask pattern. Second, a correction is made for dividing the photomask (3) into a plurality of mesh regions (M) to correct the pattern configuration of the photomask (3) in accordance with the occupation rate (R) of the mask pattern in each of the mesh regions (M).

Abstract: In order to reduce the number of processes for manufacturing spacers and to prevent quality degradation resulting from a cell gap, a spacer 115 in a semi-transmission area 12 is formed outside of a region of a bump layer 118B. Thus, it is made possible to manufacture the spacer in the transmission region 11 and the spacer outside of the region of the bump layer in the same process. Accordingly, the number of processes can be reduced. Moreover, it is made possible to determine the cell gap in the semi-transmission area 12 by a single element of a spacer. Accordingly, precision degradation of the cell gap, which results from the bump layer, can be prevented, and high display quality can be obtained.

Abstract: An LCD device includes a transparent glass plate 122 and thin film transistor electrodes 124 formed on the glass plate 122. A photosensitive insulation film 128 is coated on the glass plate 122 and the thin film transistor electrodes 124. The insulation film 128 includes transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133 which are different in thickness. Light shielding films 126 are positioned underneath boundaries of the transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133. Where an optical exposure stage includes different reflection coefficient portions, the light shielding films 126 prevent light reflected by the exposure stage from reaching the insulation film thereby maintaining the accuracy of its patterning.

Abstract: In order to reduce an occurrence of a double image, to improve a contrast ratio in transmissive display, and to widen a viewing angle, a light diffusion layer for restricting the occurrence of the double image is placed between a viewing angle compensating plate and a reflective layer. With this configuration, though traveling directions of light emitted from a backlight placed on an outside of the reflective layer are changed in the light diffusion layer, the traveling directions are not changed in the viewing angle compensating plate and a liquid crystal layer once the light is made incident onto the viewing angle compensating plate, and the light travels straight in any of the vertical direction and slanting directions. Thus, the viewing angle compensating plate can exert an original function thereof to compensate a phase difference and can ensure a viewing angle widely.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes first and second electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the substrates and in which nematic liquid crystal molecules are arranged in substantially parallel to each of the substrates without distortion, first and second optical anisotropic elements respectively disposed on the substrates on the sides opposite to the liquid crystal layer, first and second half-wavelength plates respectively disposed on the optical anisotropic elements, and first and second polarizing plates respectively disposed on the half-wavelength plates. Particularly, the substrate includes a light transmitting section which permits backlight light from the polarizing plate side to transmit therethrough and a light reflecting section which reflects ambient light from the polarizing plate side and at least one of the optical anisotropic elements is formed of two retardation plates having a retardation in a plane.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is arranged such that a reflection member overlaps a light-shielding wiring pattern such that apertures are left unmasked. This prevents light use efficiency from being decreased due to a light-shielding wiring pattern having memory wiring layers. An array substrate includes a transparent electrode which applies a field to a liquid crystal layer, a light-shielding wiring pattern having one or more apertures which allow transmission of light incident on the liquid crystal layer from the reverse side of the array substrate, and a reflection member which reflects incident light applied from a counter substrate side through the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: First, a correction is made for correcting the mask pattern configuration of a photomask (3) used for exposure in accordance with the space between a mask pattern and an adjacent mask pattern thereto and a desired configuration to be transferred from the mask pattern. Second, a correction is made for dividing the photomask (3) into a plurality of mesh regions (M) to correct the pattern configuration of the photomask (3) in accordance with the occupation rate (R) of the mask pattern in each of the mesh regions (M).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises an array substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a counter substrate including a counter electrode facing the pixel electrodes, and a liquid crystal layer which modulates reflected and transmitted light of each pixel held between the substrates and defined by a corresponding pixel electrode. In particular, each pixel electrode has a conductive light reflective layer which reflects incident light and at least one opening which is formed as a missing portion of the conductive light reflective film to transmit incident light.

Abstract: An LCD device includes a transparent glass plate 122 and thin film transistor electrodes 124 formed on the glass plate 122. A photosensitive insulation film 128 is coated on the glass plate 122 and the thin film transistor electrodes 124. The insulation film 128 includes transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133 which are different in thickness. Light shielding films 126 are positioned underneath boundaries of the transparent and reflective regions 134 and 133. Where an optical exposure stage includes different reflection coefficient portions, the light shielding films 126 prevent light reflected by the exposure stage from reaching the insulation film thereby maintaining the accuracy of its patterning.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is capable of preventing the picture quality from becoming poor in both transparent and reflective modes of operation. The liquid crystal display device 1 of the present invention includes first and second substrates 11 and 21 provided opposite to each other, a plurality of pixel electrodes 19 disposed on a surface of the first substrate 11 opposite to the second substrate 21, a common electrode 24 provided on a surface of the second substrate 21 opposite to the first substrate 11, a liquid crystal layer held between the first and second substrates 11 and 21, and the pixel electrodes 19 each having transparent and reflective portions 19a and 19b which are made of electrically conductive but optically reflective and transparent films 17 and 18, respectively, and are disposed in parallel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel is provided with a light-transmitting array substrate, a light-transmitting counter substrate, and a liquid crystal layer LQ held between the array and counter substrates and including liquid crystal molecules whose arrangement is controlled from the array and counter substrates. The array substrate includes a transparent electrode which applies an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, a light-shielding wiring pattern having one or more apertures which allow transmission of light incident on the liquid crystal layer from the reverse side of the array substrate, and a reflection member which reflects incident light applied from a counter substrate side through the liquid crystal layer. Particularly, the reflection member overlaps the light-shielding wiring pattern such that the one or more apertures are left unmasked.