Abstract: A potential sensor including first and second detection electrodes opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-measured object with gaps thereto. The movable shutter can assume a first state and a second state. The first detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object wider when the movable shutter assumes the second state. The second detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object narrower when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device comprises a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure comprised of a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus comprises the electric potential measuring device and an image forming means for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device has a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure including a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus has the electric potential measuring device and an image forming unit for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: A potential measuring device for measuring a potential of a measurement object, includes a detection electrode that faces the measurement object, a reference electrode disposed in a vicinity of the detection electrode that is electrostatically shielded by an electrostatic shield structure with respect to the measurement object, and capacitance modulator for modulating an electrostatic coupled capacitance between the detection electrode and the measurement object to measure a potential of the measurement object by using an electric signal generated on the detection electrode and an electric signal generated on the reference electrode.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring apparatus includes a movable portion having a detecting electrode and a magnetic force receiver, a magnetic force generator, an electric field shield, and a detector for detecting an amount of an electric charge which is electrostatically induced on the detecting electrode. The electric field shield transmits a magnetic field generated by the magnetic force generator to make it arrive at the magnetic force receiver but shields the detecting electrode from an electric field generated by the magnetic force generator to interrupt arrival to the detecting electrode and not to substantially obstruct the detection by the detector.

Abstract: In a structure fabrication method for fabricating a structure including an inclined part inclined to a principal plane of a substrate by plastically deforming a work piece having the substrate with the principal plane, the structure fabrication method includes the steps of providing in the work piece a projection configured to protrude from a first surface and away from the principal plane of the substrate; and bending the work piece toward a second surface opposite to the first surface. The bending is accomplished by applying a force on a block including an inclined pressure plane that is abutted on the projection for plastically deforming the work piece, in which in bending the work piece, the direction of a first force applied on the work piece intersects with the direction of a second force of the inclined pressure plane pushing the projection.

Abstract: To provide an electric potential measuring device which is useful in realizing size reduction, high sensitivity, and high reliability. The electric potential measuring device includes: an oscillating device which includes torsion springs, and an oscillating body axially supported by the springs to oscillate; and signal detecting unit which is located on a surface of the oscillating body. A capacitance between the detection electrode and a surface of an electric potential measuring object is varied by varying a distance therebetween by the oscillating device, whereby an output signal appearing on the detection electrode is detected.

Abstract: A structure fabricating method plastically deforms a target portion of a substrate, to thereby fabricate a structure having an inclined segment that is inclined relative to a principal surface of the substrate. The method includes forming a projection on the target portion to project from the principal surface of the substrate or from an opposing surface of the substrate on the side opposite to the principal surface, and applying a force to the projection to plastically deform the target portion such that the target portion is bent in a direction from one surface of the substrate on the side where the projection is formed, toward another surface on the side opposite to the one surface.

Abstract: A potential measurement apparatus is provided which can suitably maintain the oscillation state of an oscillator including a detection electrode and stably measure the potential of a measurement object. The potential measurement apparatus includes a bearing part, an elastic supporting part supported by the bearing part, an oscillator movably supported by the elastic supporting part, detection electrodes installed in the oscillator, a drive mechanism driving the oscillator and a signal detection unit. The signal detection unit is connected to the detection electrodes to detect electrical signals appearing in the detected electrodes. A stress detecting element for generating an electric signal according to the stress of the elastic suspension part 142 is provided.

Abstract: A potential measuring apparatus has a detection electrode on which an electric charge is induced according to a potential of a detection object, and a modulator for altering the generated quantity of the electric charge. The detection electrode has at least one depressed portion on a surface opposite to the detection object.

Abstract: A potential measuring apparatus has a detection electrode on which an electric charge is induced according to a potential of a detection object, and a modulator for altering the generated quantity of the electric charge. The detection electrode has at least one depressed portion on a surface opposite to the detection object.

Abstract: A potential sensor is provided in which the adhesion of toner particles to the potential sensor is reduced or prevented from occurring, reducing or preventing the occurrence of a situation that accurate detection cannot be performed. The potential sensor has a movable member, detecting electrodes formed on the movable member, a support which movably supports the movable member, a driving mechanism which drives the movable member, and a stationary member which supports the support. Between the movable member and the stationary member, a first gap is so formed as to make the movable member 101 movable. The first gap has a part that is not larger in width than the maximum size of toner particles when the movable member is not elastically deformed and is at a neutral position.

Abstract: There is provided an image forming apparatus and method capable of reducing a measurement error in a measurement result of the surface potential of an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of an image bearing member. The measurement error occurs under the influence of an electric field generated from a pre-exposed area. Consequently, miniaturization of an image forming apparatus and consistent print quality can be achieved. The image forming apparatus includes an image forming control section for determining an error correction value corresponding to the charge state of a latent image on the basis of relationships between charge states of the latent image and error correction values which have been prepared in advance, computing an error corrected potential measurement value using the error correction value and a potential measurement value, and controlling the image forming apparatus on the basis of the error corrected potential measurement value.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring apparatus includes a detecting electrode, a modulator for changing an electrostatic capacitance between a measurement object and the detecting electrode by mechanical vibration, a charge detector for detecting the amount of charges electrostatically induced in the detecting electrode by the modulator, and a vibration generating-detecting unit for selectively performing either a vibration generating function of exciting the mechanical vibration, or a detecting function of detecting the condition of the mechanical vibration.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device comprises a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure comprised of a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus comprises the electric potential measuring device and an image forming means for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: A potential sensor including first and second detection electrodes opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-measured object with gaps thereto; wherein the movable shutter can assume a first state and a second state, the first detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object wider when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state, and the second detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object narrower when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device comprises a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure comprised of a first solid material portion of a dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus comprises the electric potential measuring device and an image forming means for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: A potential sensor (101) including first and second detection electrodes (121 a, b) opposed to an object of which a potential is to be measured, and a movable shutter (125) so positioned between the detection electrodes and the potential-measured object with gaps thereto; wherein the movable shutter can assume a first state and a second state, the first detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object wider when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state, and the second detection electrode is exposed to the potential-measured object narrower when the movable shutter assumes the first state than when the movable shutter assumes the second state.

Abstract: An electric potential measuring device includes a detection electrode of a conductive material disposed in opposition to an object and a movable structure includes a first solid material portion of another dielectric and a second solid material portion of another dielectric or a conductive material. A charge induced on the detection electrode by electric lines of force from the object is modulated by moving the movable structure with a drive mechanism, to measure an electric potential of the object. An image forming apparatus includes the electric potential measuring device and an image forming means for performing a control of an image formation by using the electric potential measuring device.

Abstract: Oscillating device including a movable member that is vibratable, a fixed section that is provided opposite to the movable member, a driving unit configured to drive the movable member, and at least two electrodes configured to generate a first signal corresponding to a drive state of the movable member. At least one electrode is provided on the movable member, and at least one electrode is provided on the fixed section. The driving unit can control the driving of the movable member on the basis of the first signal.