Abstract: A display medium includes a pair of substrates, a spacer, an injection port, and an exhaust port. The pair of substrates faces to be in parallel with each other. At least one of the pair of substrates constitutes a display surface. The spacer is disposed between the pair of substrates to form a fluid chamber together with the pair of substrates. The fluid chamber encapsulates a fluid material and has a polygonal shape in a cross section taken parallel to the display surface. The polygonal shape has two acute corners each having an angle greater than 0° and no greater than 75°. The fluid material flows in accordance with electric fields generated between the pair of substrates to display images on the display surface. The fluid material is injected into the fluid chamber through the injection port. Air in the fluid chamber is exhausted outside the fluid chamber through the exhaust port.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a mesh-like body, and charged particles At least a surface of the mesh-like body is formed of an insulating material, and the mesh-like body is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The charged particles are dispersed in a space formed by a surface of the first substrate opposing the second substrate, a surface of the second substrate opposing the first substrate, and a surface of the mesh-like body. The charged particles can form desired images by moving within the space in response to an electric field generated between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A display medium includes a first substrate constituting a display surface, a second substrate disposed in opposition to the first substrate for forming a fluid chamber between the first and the second substrates, and a partition wall member for dividing the fluid chamber into a plurality of cells. The plurality of cells is filled with an electrophoretic medium wherein a charged particle dispersion including an organic solvent with dispersed charged particles is dissolved or dispersed in a dispersion medium. An image is displayed on the display surface by moving the charged particles based on the directions of electric fields generated between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A display medium includes a pair of substrates, a spacer, an injection port, and an exhaust port. The pair of substrates faces to be in parallel with each other. At least one of the pair of substrates constitutes a display surface. The spacer is disposed between the pair of substrates to form a fluid chamber together with the pair of substrates. The fluid chamber encapsulates a fluid material and has a polygonal shape in a cross section taken parallel to the display surface. The polygonal shape has two acute corners each having an angle greater than 0° and no greater than 75°. The fluid material flows in accordance with electric fields generated between the pair of substrates to display images on the display surface. The fluid material is injected into the fluid chamber through the injection port. Air in the fluid chamber is exhausted outside the fluid chamber through the exhaust port.

Abstract: An ink set for ink-jet recording comprises a pigment ink and a dye ink containing a pigment and a dye as coloring agent, respectively. The pigment ink contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a negatively charged pigment wherein potassium ion and sodium ion have a total ion concentration of not more than 200 ppm, and divalent or multivalent metal ion or ions have a total ion concentration of not more than 10 ppm. The dye ink contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a dye associated with a counter ion of lithium ion wherein potassium ion and sodium ion have a total ion concentration of not more than 400 ppm, and divalent or multivalent metal ion or ions have a total ion concentration of not more than 10 ppm. In the ink set, the pigment and dye inks can be used in combination without complicating a maintenance system.

Abstract: A water base pigment ink for ink-jet recording contains a pigment, water, and at least one of polyethylene glycol and diglycerol. The ink is solidified into a solid matter when the water is evaporated. Further, the solid matter is redissolved in the unsolidified water base pigment ink for ink-jet recording. When the ink is used, then neither clog-up of a nozzle nor discharge failure is caused, no load is imposed by the solidified ink on the maintenance system such as the wiping equipment, and the sticking performance on the paper is satisfactory.

Abstract: A display medium includes a first substrate, a second substrate and a spacer. The first substrate has a display surface on which an image having a plurality of pixels is displayed. The second substrate opposes to the first substrate to form a liquid chamber between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate to seal the liquid chamber. Gas and display liquid including a plurality of charged particles are confined in the liquid chamber so that the gas partitions the display liquid by each pixel.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording is provided, which is excellent in time-dependent stability of ink characteristics, which can be stably jetted over a long period of time, and which makes it possible to perform the high quality recording. The water base ink for ink-jet recording contains a self-dispersing type water-insoluble particulate coloring agent, a compound represented by the following formula (1), a surfactant having a nitrogen atom in a molecule, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein a surface tension is 30 to 50 mN/m, and a ratio of change of the surface tension after storage at 60° C. for 2 weeks is less than 5%: R1—O—(CH2CH2O)x—SO3Na??(1) wherein R1 represents an alkyl group and x is 20 to 30 in the formula (1).

Abstract: An electrophoretic display includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a mesh-like body, and charged particles At least a surface of the mesh-like body is formed of an insulating material, and the mesh-like body is interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The charged particles are dispersed in a space formed by a surface of the first substrate opposing the second substrate, a surface of the second substrate opposing the first substrate, and a surface of the mesh-like body. The charged particles can form desired images by moving within the space in response to an electric field generated between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording comprises water, self-dispersing type carbon black, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is a surfactant represented by the formula (1) and/or a surfactant represented by the formula (2). The nonionic surfactant is a surfactant represented by the formula (3) or a mixture of a surfactant represented by the formula (4) and a surfactant represented by the formula (5). No ink discharge failure occurs, the long term stability is excellent, and it is possible to obtain a high quality image without any feathering.

Abstract: An ink container including water-based ink for ink-jet recording and a package in which the water-based ink is accommodated, wherein the water-based ink includes an inert gas dissolved therein and an amount of oxygen dissolved in the water-based ink for ink-jet recording is less than 3 mL/L.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device uses a liquid-phase electrophoretic material not confined in a shell. An electrophoresis chamber with the electrophoretic material hermetically sealing therein is mounted in a substrate. Also, a display section, a data communication section, a driver section, and a power reception section are mounted on the substrate. The data communication section is communicable with an external device to receive data to be displayed in the display section. The driver section is provided for driving the display section. To supply power to various sections of the display device, the power reception section is provided for wirelessly being supplied with power from an external station. A panel is mated with the substrate to cover the data communication section, the driver section, and the power reception section while exposing a transparent cover plate of the display section.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device uses a liquid-phase electrophoretic material not confined in a shell. An electrophoresis chamber with the electrophoretic material hermetically sealing therein is mounted in a substrate. Also, a display section, a data communication section, a driver section, and a power reception section are mounted on the substrate. The data communication section is communicable with an external device to receive data to be displayed in the display section. The driver section is provided for driving the display section. To supply power to various sections of the display device, the power reception section is provided for wirelessly being supplied with power from an external station. A panel is mated with the substrate to cover the data communication section, the driver section, and the power reception section while exposing a transparent cover plate of the display section.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording contains a self-dispersing type pigment, glycol ether, and water. In the glycol ether, the number of carbon atoms of an ethylene oxide moiety is not less than 8, and the solubility in water at 25° C. is not less than 1%. The ink reduces the blurring of a recorded image which would be otherwise caused by the feathering on the paper surface. The ink is excellent in drying performance on the paper surface, and the ink makes it possible to stably disperse the pigment.

Abstract: An ink set for ink-jet recording comprises a pigment ink and a dye ink containing a pigment and a dye as coloring agent, respectively. The pigment ink contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a negatively charged pigment wherein potassium ion and sodium ion have a total ion concentration of not more than 200 ppm, and divalent or multivalent metal ion or ions have a total ion concentration of not more than 10 ppm. The dye ink contains water, a water-soluble organic solvent, and a dye associated with a counter ion of lithium ion wherein potassium ion and sodium ion have a total ion concentration of not more than 400 ppm, and divalent or multivalent metal ion or ions have a total ion concentration of not more than 10 ppm. In the ink set, the pigment and dye inks can be used in combination without complicating a maintenance system.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording comprises water, self-dispersing type carbon black, an anionic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. The anionic surfactant is a surfactant represented by the formula (1) and/or a surfactant represented by the formula (2). The nonionic surfactant is a surfactant represented by the formula (3) or a mixture of a surfactant represented by the formula (4) and a surfactant represented by the formula (5). No ink discharge failure occurs, the long term stability is excellent, and it is possible to obtain a high quality image without any feathering.

Abstract: A water base pigment ink for ink-jet recording contains a pigment, water, and at least one of polyethylene glycol and diglycerol. The ink is solidified into a solid matter when the water is evaporated. Further, the solid matter is redissolved in the unsolidified water base pigment ink for ink-jet recording. When the ink is used, then neither clog-up of a nozzle nor discharge failure is caused, no load is imposed by the solidified ink on the maintenance system such as the wiping equipment, and the sticking performance on the paper is satisfactory.

Abstract: An ink container including water-based ink for ink-jet recording and a package in which the water-based ink is accommodated, wherein the water-based ink includes an inert gas dissolved therein and an amount of oxygen dissolved in the water-based ink for ink-jet recording is less than 3 mL/L.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording, which is usable for an ink-jet recording apparatus having an ink-jet head provided therein with an ink flow passage formed of nickel or nickel alloy, includes a coloring agent, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent. The ink is blended so that a current density, which is obtained within an electric potential range of −600 to +300 mV, is not more than 100 &mgr;A/cm2 when anodic polarization measurement is performed by using a reference electrode of silver/silver chloride, a counter electrode of platinum, and a working electrode of nickel or nickel alloy. The ink does not corrode any part for constituting the flow passage in the ink-jet head.

Abstract: A water base ink for ink-jet recording is provided, which is excellent in time-dependent stability of ink characteristics, which can be stably jetted over a long period of time, and which makes it possible to perform the high quality recording. The water base ink for ink-jet recording contains a self-dispersing type water-insoluble particulate coloring agent, a compound represented by the following formula (1), a surfactant having a nitrogen atom in a molecule, water, and a water-soluble organic solvent, wherein a surface tension is 30 to 50 mN/m, and a ratio of change of the surface tension after storage at 60° C.