Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a defibrating unit that defibrates a raw material containing fiber in the atmosphere, a forming unit that forms a sheet by using at least a part of a defibrated material that is defibrated by the defibrating unit, a first supply unit that supplies a first paper material to the defibrating unit, and a second supply unit that supplies a second paper material to the defibrating unit. At least one of the first paper material and the second paper material is a paper material having a resin layer.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes a defibrating unit that defibrates a raw material containing fiber in the atmosphere, a forming unit that forms a sheet by using at least a part of a defibrated material that is defibrated by the defibrating unit, a first supply unit that supplies a first paper material to the defibrating unit, and a second supply unit that supplies a second paper material to the defibrating unit. At least one of the first paper material and the second paper material is a paper material having a resin layer.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes an image carrier drum on which a latent image is formed; a development unit which includes a development roller coming into contact with the image carrier drum on an upward side of a virtual horizontal plane, which is perpendicular to a virtual vertical plane passing through a rotation center of the image carrier drum, in a vertical direction and developing the latent image formed on the image carrier drum with a liquid developer containing toner and a carrier liquid; a squeeze unit which comes into contact with the image developed by the development roller on the upward side of the virtual horizontal plane in the vertical direction and includes a squeeze roller squeezing the image; and a transfer unit which transfers the image squeezed by the squeeze roller to a transfer member on a downward side of the virtual horizontal plane in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising a latent image carrier for supporting a latent image, a charging unit for charging the latent image carrier, a developing unit for developing the latent image supported by the latent image carrier which has a developing member for supporting a liquid developer containing a toner and a carrier liquid, and to which a developing bias is applied, a first optical density detector for detecting the toner optical density in the liquid developer supported by the latent image carrier developed by the developing member, a squeeze unit for squeezing the latent image carrier which has a squeeze member brought into contact with the latent image carrier for which toner optical density has been detected by the first optical density detector, and a second optical density detector for detecting the toner optical density of the liquid developer supported by the latent image carrier squeezed by the squeeze member.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to arrange spacers at fixed points, a liquid crystal device, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device, and an electronic apparatus with the liquid crystal device. It is an object to precisely arrange spacers without using a highly accurate nozzle head and to arrange spacers of various densities without changing the nozzle. The arrangement direction of the nozzle holes crosses the direction, which is perpendicular to the scanning direction, at a predetermined angle when the spacer dispersion solution obtained by dispersing the spacers in the solvent is discharged from the plurality of nozzle holes while the nozzle head is scanned along the predetermined scanning direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer 4-sandwiched between opposed upper and lower substrates, and upper and lower polarizing layers provided at the top and bottom of the liquid crystal layer-4, a reflective layer formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate and having through holes for transmitting light, a lower polarizing plate provided on the reflective layer, the lower polarizing layer having apertures which are continued from the through holes of the reflective layer and which are formed at substantially the same planar portions as the through holes. Therefore, the present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of a light display even in a transmissive mode, and a manufacturing method therefor.

Abstract: To provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing nozzle clogging and a variation in spacers, and obtaining a liquid crystal display device with high display quality. The method includes an aggregation heating step of heating a substrate to evaporate droplets to the extent that spacers discharged to the substrate aggregate in a predetermined range, and a complete evaporation heating step of further heating the substrate subjected to the aggregation heating step to completely evaporate the droplets. In the aggregation heating step, the substrate is heated to a temperature of 30 to 60° C., and a drying time of 30 seconds is secured for the solvent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided in which a pair of substrates is opposed to each other through a seal member, and a liquid crystal and spacers are contained in a space enclosed with the pair of substrates and the seal member. The spacers are placed on all or part of intersection points of a plurality of first parallel phantom lines extending in a first direction and a plurality of second parallel phantom lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction with the spacers arranged separately, in aggregation, or mixture thereof. The density of spacers is from 50 to 300/mm2, and an average number of spacers on all the intersection points is from 0.2 to 3.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided to arrange spacers at fixed points, a liquid crystal device, a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal device, and an electronic apparatus with the liquid crystal device. It is an object to precisely arrange spacers without using a highly accurate nozzle head and to arrange spacers of various densities without changing the nozzle. The arrangement direction of the nozzle holes crosses the direction, which is perpendicular to the scanning direction, at a predetermined angle when the spacer dispersion solution obtained by dispersing the spacers in the solvent is discharged from the plurality of nozzle holes while the nozzle head is scanned along the predetermined scanning direction.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is provided in which a pair of substrates is opposed to each other through a seal member, and a liquid crystal and spacers are contained in a space enclosed with the pair of substrates and the seal member. The spacers are placed on all or part of intersection points of a plurality of first parallel phantom lines extending in a first direction and a plurality of second parallel phantom lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction with the spacers arranged separately, in aggregation, or mixture thereof. The density of spacers is from 50 to 300/mm2, and an average number of spacers on all the intersection points is from 0.2 to 3.

Abstract: To provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing nozzle clogging and a variation in spacers, and obtaining a liquid crystal display device with high display quality. The method includes an aggregation heating step of heating a substrate to evaporate droplets to the extent that spacers discharged to the substrate aggregate in a predetermined range, and a complete evaporation heating step of further heating the substrate subjected to the aggregation heating step to completely evaporate the droplets. In the aggregation heating step, the substrate is heated to a temperature of 30 to 60° C., and a drying time of 30 seconds is secured for the solvent.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel 10 including a liquid crystal layer 4 sandwiched between opposed upper and lower substrates 1 and 2, and upper and lower polarizing layers 19 and 21 provided at the top and bottom of the liquid crystal layer 4, a reflective layer 20 formed on the inner surface of the lower substrate 2 and having through holes 20a for transmitting light, a lower polarizing plate 21 provided on the reflective layer 20, the lower polarizing layer 21 having apertures 21a which are continued from the through holes 20a of the reflective layer 20 and which are formed at substantially the same planar portions as the through holes 20a. Therefore, the present invention provides a transflective liquid crystal display device capable of a light display even in a transmissive mode, and a manufacturing method therefor.