Abstract: An optical element includes a substrate, a plurality of reflective reflection layers on the substrate, and an absorbing layer over the reflection layers. The reflection layers are arranged in a striped manner in plan view. The absorbing layer absorbs polarized light oscillating in the direction in which the reflection layers extend. The optical element also includes an oxide film on the substrate between the reflection layers and on the absorbing layer. The oxide film is formed by oxidizing the absorbing layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming particulate materials containing a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming a protective film that covers the particulate materials in a plasma environment while reducing the metal halide constituting the particulate materials; and stretching the particulate materials by stretching the glass substrate and the protective film at a temperature at which the glass substrate is softened.

Abstract: A polarizer includes a first grating and a second grating. The second grating contains at least one of chromium nitride, tungsten nitride, and tantalum nitride.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming a moth-eye structure on one surface of a base material; forming a dielectric thin film, in which metal nanoparticles are dispersed, on the moth-eye structure of the base material; and forming a polarizing layer on the base material by stretching the base material so as to stretch the metal nanoparticles thereby forming acicular metal particles.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming particulate materials of a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming a protective film that covers the particulate materials in a non-plasma environment; stretching the particulate materials by heating and stretching the glass substrate; and forming acicular metal particles by reducing the metal halide constituting the stretched particulate materials.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a plurality of first needle-shaped particles that have transmittance for first polarized light, which is in a first polarization state, that is different from transmittance for second polarized light, which is in a second polarization state different from the first polarization state, in a first wavelength region and a plurality of second needle-shaped particles that have transmittance for the first polarized light that is different from transmittance for the second polarized light, in a second wavelength region different from the first wavelength region.

Abstract: A polarization element includes: a substrate; a plurality of protruding sections formed on the substrate in a striped manner in a plan view; and a heat radiation section formed on a top portion of each of the protruding sections, wherein the heat radiation section has a concavo-convex section.

Abstract: An optical element includes: a substrate having a plurality of first regions and a plurality of second regions that are partitioned in plan view; a first grid one-dimensionally formed in the plurality of first regions on the substrate; a diffraction function portion including a plurality of grooves parallel to each other in the plurality of second regions on the substrate; and a second grid formed in a region excluding the plurality of grooves on the diffraction function portion. The optical element reflects a part of incident light and transmits a part of the incident light.

Abstract: A polarization element according to the invention includes a substrate, a metal layer and an absorber layer formed on the substrate to form a stripe in a plan view and stacked in a thickness direction of the substrate, a first dielectric layer formed on a surface of the metal layer and a second dielectric layer formed on a surface of the absorber layer. The first dielectric layer is made of an oxide of a metal constituting the metal layer, and the second dielectric layer is made of an oxide of a material constituting the absorber layer.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes the steps of: forming an island-shaped film of a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming needle-shaped particles of the metal halide by stretching the glass substrate through heating to elongate the island-shaped film; and forming needle-shaped metal particles composed of a metal by reducing the metal halide of the needle-shaped particles, wherein the metal halide is deposited on the glass substrate by a reactive physical vapor deposition method.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes the steps of: forming a coating film of a metal on a glass substrate; forming an island-shaped film composed of a metal halide on the glass substrate by partially removing the coating film and also halogenating the metal; forming needle-shaped particles of the metal halide by stretching the glass substrate through heating to elongate the island-shaped film; and forming needle-shaped metal particles composed of a metal by reducing the metal halide of the needle-shaped particles.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming particulate materials of a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming a protective film that covers the particulate materials in a non-plasma environment; stretching the particulate materials by heating and stretching the glass substrate; and forming acicular metal particles by reducing the metal halide constituting the stretched particulate materials.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes: forming particulate materials containing a metal halide on a glass substrate; forming a protective film that covers the particulate materials in a plasma environment while reducing the metal halide constituting the particulate materials; and stretching the particulate materials by stretching the glass substrate and the protective film at a temperature at which the glass substrate is softened.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate with protruded threads, and metal thin wires provided on the protruded threads. Each metal thin wire includes a first thin wire provided to a first side surface of the protruded thread and a second thin wire provided to a second side surface of the protruded thread. Each first thin wire has a first volume. Each second thin wire has a second volume. Each metal thin wire has a third volume which is the sum of the first and second volumes. As a distance from one end of the substrate increases, the volume of each first thin wire decreases and the volume of each second thin wire increases so that the third volume is maintained within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate; a plurality of protruded threads formed on one of surfaces of the substrate in a rough stripe pattern when viewed two-dimensionally, each of the protruded threads having a side surface forming a slope inclined with respect to the one surface of the substrate; and a plurality of metal thin wires each formed on the slope of the each protruded thread so as to be cantilever-supported by the slope and each extended in an extension direction of the protruded thread.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a substrate; a plurality of protruded threads formed on one of surfaces of the substrate in a rough stripe pattern when viewed two-dimensionally, each of the protruded threads having a side surface forming a slope inclined with respect to the one surface of the substrate; a plurality of metal thin wires each formed on the slope of the each protruded thread so as to be cantilever-supported by the slope and each extended in an extension direction of the protruded thread; and a protection film covering the protruded threads and the metal thin wires.

Abstract: The wire grid type polarization device includes a substrate, and a metal layer formed on one face of the substrate in a substantially stripe shape in a plan view, a first dielectric layer provided on two side faces opposite to each other among a plurality of side faces of the metal layer and in a top part of the metal layer, and a second dielectric layer provided on the first dielectric layer. A substrate side end portion of the second dielectric layer is located between the one surface of the substrate and the top part of the first metal layer.

Abstract: A polarizing element includes a plurality of first needle-shaped particles that have transmittance for first polarized light, which is in a first polarization state, that is different from transmittance for second polarized light, which is in a second polarization state different from the first polarization state, in a first wavelength region and a plurality of second needle-shaped particles that have transmittance for the first polarized light that is different from transmittance for the second polarized light, in a second wavelength region different from the first wavelength region.

Abstract: A method for producing a polarizing element includes the steps of : forming a coating film of a metal on a glass substrate; forming an island-shaped film composed of a metal halide on the glass substrate by partially removing the coating film and also halogenating the metal; forming needle-shaped particles of the metal halide by stretching the glass substrate through heating to elongate the island-shaped film; and forming needle-shaped metal particles composed of a metal by reducing the metal halide of the needle-shaped particles.

Abstract: The wire grid type polarization device includes a substrate, and a metal layer formed on one face of the substrate in a substantially stripe shape in a plan view, a first dielectric layer provided on two side faces opposite to each other among a plurality of side faces of the metal layer and in a top part of the metal layer, and a second dielectric layer provided on the first dielectric layer. A substrate side end portion of the second dielectric layer is located between the one surface of the substrate and the top part of the first metal layer and a plurality of metal layers that includes a first metal layer having a first side face, a second side face opposed to the first side face, and a top part. First and second dielectric layers are provided in the first side face, the second side face, and the top part of the first metal layer. The first dielectric layer is provided between the first metal layer and the second dielectric layer.