Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus selectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on a back surface thereof; the cellulose film has no through hole; the cellulose film has a thickness of more than 2 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungi selectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 2 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus, which includes (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate having a through hole; the substrate having a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; and the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) irradiating the cellulose film with ultraviolet light after the step (b); (d) bringing a back surface of the cellulose film into contact with a fungus color reaction reagent after the step (c); and (e) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a color is given to the fungus color reaction reagent.

Abstract: A server as an example of a menu recommendation system includes an evaluator, a processing unit, and an actual usage record acquirer. The evaluator recommends menus for a target period. The processing unit presents the menus recommended by the evaluator to a user. The actual usage record acquirer acquires, from the user, an actual usage record of the menus recommended by the evaluator at an arbitrary timing in the target period. When a difference occurs between first information regarding content of the menus recommended by the evaluator and second information regarding the actual usage record during a period from a start of the target period to the timing, the evaluator performs reward processing of rewarding the user according to the difference or re-recommendation processing of re-recommending menus for a remaining period by changing the content of the recommended menus.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungielectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on a back surface thereof; the cellulose film has no through hole; the cellulose film has a thickness of more than 2 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus selectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on a back surface thereof; the cellulose film has no through hole; the cellulose film has a thickness of more than 2 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film.

Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus, which includes (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate having a through hole; the substrate having a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; and the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) irradiating the cellulose film with ultraviolet light after the step (b); (d) bringing a back surface of the cellulose film into contact with a fungus color reaction reagent after the step (c); and (e) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a color is given to the fungus color reaction reagent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungi selectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 2 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not all of pythiums contained in a test sample are non-phytopathogenic. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a film comprising a through-hole having a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.785 square micrometers and not more than 7.065 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that all of the pythiums contained in the test sample are non-phytopathogenic, if pseudohyphae are not found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).

Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus, which includes (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate having a through hole; the substrate having a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; and the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) irradiating the cellulose film with ultraviolet light after the step (b); (d) bringing a back surface of the cellulose film into contact with a fungus color reaction reagent after the step (c); and (e) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a color is given to the fungus color reaction reagent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus selectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 2 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains an Exserohilum phytopathogenic fungus. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a cellulose film having no through hole; (b) leaving the test sample at rest for a predetermined time; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the Exserohilum phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film in the step (c). The method further comprises a step of supplying a culture medium to the test sample before the step (b). The culture medium is a lactose casein hydrolysate agar medium containing carbendazim, captan, streptomycin sulfate, and neomycin sulfate. Alternatively, in the step (b), the test sample is left at rest while the back surface of the cellulose film is in contact with the culture medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains at least one phytopathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium avenaceum, and Glomerella tucumanensis. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a cellulose film; wherein the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest for not less than 4 hours and not more than 8 hours after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that the test sample contains at least one phytopathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium avenaceum, and Glomerella tucumanensis, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).

Abstract: A method for determining whether a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungus, which includes (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate having a through hole; the substrate having a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; and the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) irradiating the cellulose film with ultraviolet light after the step (b); (d) bringing a back surface of the cellulose film into contact with a fungus color reaction reagent after the step (c); and (e) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a color is given to the fungus color reaction reagent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungielectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on a back surface thereof; the cellulose film has no through hole; the cellulose film has a thickness of more than 2 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not all of pythiums contained in a test sample are non-phytopathogenic. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a film comprising a through-hole having a cross-sectional area of not less than 0.785 square micrometers and not more than 7.065 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that all of the pythiums contained in the test sample are non-phytopathogenic, if pseudohyphae are not found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic fungielectively from two kinds of fungi of a phytopathogenic fungus and a non-phytopathogenic fungus. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a substrate comprising a through hole; wherein the substrate comprises a cellulose film on the back surface thereof; the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 2 micrometers; and the through hole has a cross-sectional area of not less than 7.065 square micrometers and not more than 19.625 square micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest; (c) observing a back surface of the film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains an Exserohilum phytopathogenic fungus. The method comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a cellulose film having no through hole; (b) leaving the test sample at rest for a predetermined time; (c) observing a back surface of the cellulose film; and (d) determining that the test sample contains the Exserohilum phytopathogenic fungus, if a fungus which has penetrated the cellulose film is found on the back surface of the cellulose film in the step (c). The method further comprises a step of supplying a culture medium to the test sample before the step (b). The culture medium is a lactose casein hydrolysate agar medium containing carbendazim, captan, streptomycin sulfate, and neomycin sulfate. Alternatively, in the step (b), the test sample is left at rest while the back surface of the cellulose film is in contact with the culture medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains at least one phytopathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium avenaceum, and Glomerella tucumanensis. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a cellulose film; wherein the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest for not less than 4 hours and not more than 8 hours after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that the test sample contains at least one phytopathogenic fungus selected from the group consisting of Gibberella fujikuroi, Fusarium avenaceum, and Glomerella tucumanensis, if a fungus is found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for determining whether or not a test sample contains a phytopathogenic oomycete selectively from two kinds of oomycetes of a phytopathogenic oomycete and a non-phytopathogenic oomycete. The method according to the present invention comprises: (a) putting the test sample on a front surface of a cellulose film; wherein the cellulose film has a thickness of not less than 0.5 micrometers and not more than 3.7 micrometers; (b) leaving the test sample at rest for not less than 4 hours and not more than 8 hours after the step (a); (c) observing a back surface of the film after the step (b); and (d) determining that the test sample contains the phytopathogenic oomycete, if an oomycete is found on the back surface of the film in the step (c).