Abstract: A buried wave guide device is produced by immersing a phosphate glass containing exchangeable ions in a molten salt. Ions are exchanged from the phosphate glass to give a wave guide whose refractive index increases sharply from a first surface to a maximum at a depth below the first surface then decreases gradually in the direction of the opposite surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a glass doped with dispersed microcrystallites, which glass is used as a material for sharp cut filter, a material for infrared-transmitting filter, a nonlinear optical material, etc. In the process, high-melting semiconductor microcrystallites are precipitated at a temperature T.sub.1 which is lower than the sag point of a glass to be produced but not lower than the transition temperature of the glass, and then low-melting semiconductor microcrystallites are precipitated at a temperature T.sub.2 which is not higher than the flow point of the glass but not lower than the sag point of the glass to obtain a glass comprising a matrix and microcrystallites of semiconductor solid solution of multilayer structure dispersed in said matrix.

Abstract: A buried wave guide device is produced by immersing a phosphate glass containing exchangeable ions in a molten salt. Ions are exchanged from the phosphate glass to give a wave guide whose refractive index increases sharply from a first surface to a maximum at a depth below the first surface then decreases gradually in the direction of the opposite surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a glass doped with dispersed microcrystallites, said process comprises:a first step of cooling a glas melt comprising a component to become a glass matrix and a component to become microcrystallites dispersed in said matrix, to a temperature T which is not higher than the flow point of the glass but not lower than the sag point of the glass, anda second step of maintaining the cooled glass at the temperature T to precipitate microcrytallites in the matrix.The glass doped with dispersed microcrystallites produced is used as a material for sharp cut filter, a material for infrared-transmitting filter, a nonlinear optical material, etc.

Abstract: A method of producing a gradient-index lens includes a first step in which a glass body is immersed into a molten salt containing ions which are able to provide a refractive index higher than that of ions constituting the glass body, in order to perform ion diffusion into the glass body. Thereafter, in a second step the glass body obtained from the first step is immersed into a molten salt containing ions which provide a refractive index lower than that of the ions of the molten salt used in the first step. In this way there is formed a predetermined refractive index distribution in the glass body.

Abstract: A uniform refractive index-type glass is prepared by ion exchange in which a glass containing ions of a first type is immersed in a molten salt containing ions of a second type, the ions in the molten salt having a higher refractive index than the ions in the glass. The glass is removed from the molten salt at a predetermined point and before the saturation point or equilibrium and the ion distribution becomes uniform throughout the glass. The concentration of first and second ions is not uniform from the center of the glass to its outer surface. The glass is next heated to make the concentrations of the first and second ions substantially uniform throughout the glass from the center to the outer surface. Optionally, this glass is then immersed in a molten salt containing a third type of ion having a lower refractive index than the second ion for exchange with part of the ions in the second type.

Abstract: Refractive index distribution lenses may be made by forming refractive index distribution patterns in surfaces of two substrates. The patterns in the two substrates are made to be matching. Then, these surfaces of the two substrates are placed together with the patterns in the substrates coinciding. If the refractive index distribution patterns in the surfaces form semicylindrical lenses with parallel axes, the substrates may be put together so that the axes of the lenses in one substrate coincide with corresponding axes of semicylindrical lenses in the other substrate to form a rod lens array. If the refractive index distribution patterns in the two substrates are constant in directions parallel to the surfaces of these substrates but vary in the direction perpendicular to the surfaces, the surfaces of these substrates may be put together to form a slab lens.

Abstract: The refractive index distribution in refractive index distribution lenses may be adjusted to better approach an ideal by heating the refractive index distribution lens. When the refractive index distribution lens was created by diffusion of refractive index changing ions into a body, further heating in an environment in which no additional ions can diffuse into the body causes further migration of ions within the body so that its refractive index distribution approaches an ideal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gradient refractive index type anamorphic planar microlens which can be utilized for collimating an elliptical beam radiated from a semiconductor laser, or the like, and a method of producing such a lens. To collimate light rays, in which astigmatism exists, it is necessary to use a lens in which the respective focal distances in the directions perpendicular to an optical axis are different from each other. It includes a semiellipsoidal refractive index distribution region formed in a transparent substrate so as to have a major axis and a minor axis on a surface of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: A process for producing a transparent glass product having a refractive index gradient by the molecular stuffing method is described. A thallium compound is used as a dopant and, after a concentration gradient of the thallium dopant is formed, the porous glass product is heated up to the temperature region of 350.degree. to 550.degree. C. at a temperature-rising rate of 25.degree. to 150.degree. C./hour in a reducing gas atmosphere and then heat treated above 550.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere to collapse micropores in the porous glass product, thereby obtaining a glass product having a refractive index gradient which is transparent and free of light-scattering and coloration. The glass product is suitable as materials (preforms) for optical fibers or materials for rod-shaped lenses, particularly rod-shaped microlenses for microlens arrays and microlenses for coupling an optical fiber and a light source.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass product having .DELTA.n, the difference between the central and peripheral portions of the glass, greater than 0.04. This process utilizes a porous glass body which is produced via a phase separation technique. A dopant selected from the group consisting of (1) TlNO.sub.3, (2) TlNO.sub.3 and an alkali metal compound and (3) TlNO.sub.3, Pb(NO.sub.3).sub.2 and an alkali metal compound is then permeated into the micropores of the porous glass product. A concentration gradient of the dopant is then formed by leaching out a portion of the dopant from the micropores. After the dopant is solidified in the mircopores, the porous glass product is dried. A heat-treatment step then serves to collapse the micropores. A glass product having a gradient of refractive indices is therby obtained.

Abstract: A process for the production of a slab-shaped lens having a gradient of refractive index only in the direction of thickness thereof is described, comprising stuffing a solution of dopant into micropores of a plate-shaped porous glass product with or without a heat-resistant film covered on both side surfaces thereof; unstuffing a part of the dopant to form a gradient of dopant concentration in the glass product; precipitating the dopant in the micropores; drying the porous glass product to evaporate the solvent remaining in the micropores; collapsing the micropores by applying a heat treatment to form a gradient of refractive index in the plate-shaped glass product; and when the side surfaces are not covered with the film, cutting off both side end portions of the plate-shaped glass product.

Abstract: A process for producing a glass product having .DELTA.n, the difference between the central and peripheral portions of the glass, greater than 0.04. This process utilizes a porous glass body which is produced via a phase separation technique. A dopant selected from the group consisting of (1) TlNO.sub.3, (2) TlNO.sub.3 and an alkali metal compound and (3) TlNO.sub.3, Pb(NO.sub.3).sub.2 and an alkali metal compound is then permeated into the micropores of the porous glass product. A concentration gradient of the dopant is then formed by leaching out a portion of the dopant from the micropores. After the dopant is solidified in the micropores, the porous glass product is dried. A heat-treatment step then serves to collapse the micropores. A glass product having a gradient of refractive indices is thereby obtained.

Abstract: A Faraday rotation glass comprising, in mole %,______________________________________ P.sub.2 O.sub.5 5 to 30% where up to 5/6 on a molar basis of the P.sub.2 O.sub.5 can be replaced by B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; TbF.sub.3 11.4 to 45%; AlF.sub.3 0 to 25%; and RF at least 40% ______________________________________where RF includes at least 3% BaF.sub.2, 0 to 64% MgF.sub.2, 0 to 32% NaF, 0 to 40% SrF.sub.2, 0 to 26% CaF.sub.2, 0 to 20% LiF and 0 to 20% KF.

Abstract: A Faraday rotation glass having a composition, in mole%, ofTb.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 5 to 25%P.sub.2 o.sub.5 : 55 to 75%B.sub.2 o.sub.3 : 5 to 25%Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 0 to 15%K.sub.2 o+mgO:5 to 25%K.sub.

Abstract: A process for producing a soft aperture filter having high acid and heat resistance as well as a desired colored layer thickness comprising heat-treating a glass, having a base composition of 55 to 72 mole percent SiO.sub.2, 15 to 35 mole percent Na.sub.2 O, 0 to 5 percent di-valent oxides other than ZnO, 4 to 15 mole percent ZnO, and 0 to 5 mole percent Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 with Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3 and/or As.sub.2 O.sub.3 additionally present in an amount of 2 to 5 weight percent of the base composition, in a fused bath containing 14 to 60 mole percent of a silver salt, and optionally with NaNO.sub.3 and/or Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4.

Abstract: A sealing glass for a glass laser having a composition comprising 45 to 65% by mole P.sub.2 O.sub.5, 15 to 35% by mole ZnO, 5 to 25% by mole PbO, 4 to 12% by mole Li.sub.2 O, 1 to 4% by mole Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 7% by mole Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0 to 5% by mole Ag.sub.2 O, and 2.0 to 10% by mole V.sub.2 O.sub.5, and having a low refractive index and capable of absorbing infrared rays.

Abstract: A non-crystalline substance for use in an optical memory device which consists of an As-Se system non-crystalline material and the additional third component(s) Zn, Au, or Ag and/or Cu. The substance is characterized by its transmission ability in the visible region as well as in the I.R. region and its extreme reduction of transmittance upon irradiation with, e.g., a laser beam.

Abstract: Glass for use as an element of a Faraday rotator, consisting essentially of, by mol%, 10-30 Tb.sub.2 O.sub.3, 10-30 Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 30-80 SiO.sub.2 + B.sub.2 O.sub.3, with the proviso that SiO.sub.2 .gtoreq.15 and B.sub.2 O.sub.3 .gtoreq.10, and as optional components 0-5 ZrO.sub.2, 0-1 Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3, 0-1 As.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 0-2 AlF.sub.3. The glass has a large Verdet constant and a reduced absorption of light in the visible and infrared wavelength regions.

Abstract: A sealing method for a laser glass which provides a high bonding strength comprising applying a powder mixture of (1) a low melting glass for sealing a glass laser and (2) a glass having a higher melting point and lower expansion coefficient than those of the low melting glass, to a laser glass and welding the powder mixture to the laser glass by heating.