Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell, a first light source device, a second light source device, and a reception section. The atom cell is filled with alkali metal. The first light source device emits a light beam that includes a resonance light beam pair configured to be circularly polarized with each other in the same direction and configured to cause the alkali metal to resonate. The second light source device emits a light beam that includes adjustment light beam configured to be circularly polarized in a reverse direction to the resonance light beam pair. The reception device receives the resonance light beam pair that pass through the atom cell. The adjustment light beam may include the resonance light beam that causes the alkali metal to resonate. In addition, the resonance light beam pair may be a line and the adjustment light beam is a line.

Abstract: A timing signal generation device includes a GPS receiver, an atomic oscillator, a phase comparator, a frequency abnormality determination unit, a sensor unit, and a determination unit. The GPS receiver outputs 1 PPS. The atomic oscillator 30 outputs a clock signal for synchronization with 1 PPS. The phase comparator compares 1 PPS and the clock signal in phase. The frequency abnormality determination unit determines whether or not the frequency of the clock signal is abnormal, by using a comparison result of the phase comparator, and outputs frequency abnormality information including a determination result. The sensor unit detects environment information which has an influence on the comparison result. The determination unit determines a cause of the abnormality by using the frequency abnormality information and the environment information.

Abstract: A timing signal generating device includes a GPS receiver and a processing unit. The GPS receiver functions as a positioning calculation unit, and receives satellite signals transmitted from GPS satellites and performs positioning calculation based on trajectory information and time information contained in the received satellite signals. Further, the processing unit functions as a position information generation unit, and generates position information of a receiving point based on a mode value or a median value in results of the positioning calculation at a plurality of times by the GPS receiver.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell having an internal space in which alkali metal is encapsulated, a first light source section for making a resonance light pair, which is circularly polarized in the same direction as each other and resonates the alkali metal, enter the internal space using light from a first light source, a second light source for making adjustment light, which is circularly polarized in a rotational direction opposite to the direction of the resonance light pair and resonates the alkali metal, enter the internal space from the same side as the resonance light pair using light from a second light source, and an aperture member disposed between the internal space, and the first light source and the second light source.

Abstract: A light-emitting element module includes: a Peltier device that includes a first substrate, and a second substrate causing a temperature difference from the first substrate, and a power terminal disposed on the first substrate; a light-emitting element that is disposed on a side of the second substrate of the Peltier device and of which temperature is adjusted by the Peltier device; a temperature sensor that is disposed on the side of the second substrate of the Peltier device; a package that includes a base and a lid; a first external electrode that is electrically connected to the power terminal; a second external electrode that is electrically connected to the temperature sensor; and a third external electrode that is electrically connected to the light-emitting element. The third external electrode is disposed between the first and second external electrodes.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes: an atomic cell in which an alkali metal is sealed; a light-emitting element that emits light to be radiated to the atomic cell; a light-receiving element that detects the light transmitted through the atomic cell; a first optical element that has light transmittance and is disposed between the atomic cell and the light-emitting element; and a second optical element that has light transmittance and is disposed between the first optical element and the atomic cell. The first optical element reflects the light from the light-emitting element toward the light-emitting element in a first direction inclined with respect to an optical axis of the light. The second optical element reflects the light from the light-emitting element toward the light-emitting element in a second direction inclined in a direction different from the first direction with respect to the optical axis of the light.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes: an atomic cell in which alkali metal atoms are sealed; a light source that radiates first light and second light with different frequencies to the atomic cell; a light detector that detects the first light and the second light transmitted through the atomic cell and outputs a detection signal according to a detection intensity; a signal generator that generates a microwave signal according to a transition frequency between two ground levels of the alkali metal atoms based on a result obtained by detecting the detection signal for each first period; and a light source adjuster that adjusts the frequencies of the first light and the second light for each second period, the second period being longer than the first period.

Abstract: A light-emitting element module includes: a Peltier device; a light-emitting element that is disposed on the Peltier device; and a package that accommodates the Peltier device and the light-emitting element, the package including a base on which the Peltier device is disposed and a lid joined to the base and. When Ts is external temperature of the package, Tv is temperature of the light-emitting element, Tc1 is temperature of the base, and Tc2 is temperature of the lid, Ts<Tc2<Tc1 is satisfied in a case of Tv<Ts.

Abstract: A light-emitting element module includes a light-emitting element that emits light, a base that has a depression portion in which the light-emitting element is accommodated, and a lid that covers an opening of the depression portion and is joined to the base. The lid includes a protrusion portion that protrudes on an opposite side to the base and has a hole through which the light passes and a window that is installed in the protrusion portion to block the hole and transmits the light. A surface of the window on a side of the light-emitting element is inclined with respect to a surface perpendicular to an optical axis of the light.

Abstract: The vane pump includes a rotor, a plurality of slits, vanes that are respectively received in the slits, a cam ring that has an inner circumferential cam face with which tip portions of the vanes are brought into sliding contact, pump chambers that are defined by the rotor, the cam ring, and the adjacent vanes, a side member that has a sliding contact surface with which the side surface of the rotor is brought into sliding contact, a discharge port that is formed so as to open to the side member, the discharge port being configured to guide working fluid discharged from the pump chamber, and a notch that are provided on the side member so as to extend from the opening of the discharge port in direction opposite to rotating direction of the rotor. The notch is formed radially outside of the protruded portion of the rotor.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes a gas cell, a semiconductor laser, and a frequency modulation signal generation section (such as a frequency transform circuit) which generates a frequency modulation signal for causing the semiconductor laser to generate frequency-modulated light including a resonance light pair (first-order sideband light pair) that causes an electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon in metal atoms. When a modulation index of the frequency modulation signal, by which a first-order differential value of oscillation frequency deviation of the atomic oscillator becomes 0, is regarded as a first modulation index, the modulation index is within a range between a second modulation index, which is smaller than the first modulation index, with which the oscillation frequency deviation is 0 and a third modulation index, which is greater than the first modulation index, with which the oscillation frequency deviation is 0.

Abstract: A quantum interference device includes an atomic cell, a light source, a light detector, a package, and a reflective portion. The atomic cell has alkali metal atoms disposed within, and the light source emits light to excite the alkali metal atoms in the atomic cell. The light detector detects light transmitted through the atomic cell. The package defines an internal space and houses at least the light source. The reflective portion is provided between an inner surface of the package and the light source, and has reflectance to an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 4 ?m, where the reflectance is greater than or equal to 50%.

Abstract: A quantum interference device includes an atom cell, a light source emits light to the alkali metal atoms, a photodetector that detects the light transmitted through the atom cell, a thermal conductor, which is disposed so as to straddle the light source side and the photodetector side of the atom cell, and the thermal conductor having higher thermal conductively than the atom cell, and a support, which is disposed so as to be separated from the thermal conductor, and supports the atom cell, the light source, the photodetector, and the thermal conductor in a lump, the support having lower thermal conductivity than the thermal conductor.

Abstract: A quantum interference device includes a base having a mounting surface, an atom cell in which alkali metal atoms are encapsulated, a light source adapted to emit light adapted to excite the alkali metal atoms, a photodetector adapted to detect the light having been transmitted through the atom cell, and a support adapted to support the atom cell, the light source, and the photodetector in a lump with respect to the mounting surface in a state in which the atom cell, the light source, and the photodetector are arranged in a direction along the mounting surface.

Abstract: A quantum interference device has an atomic cell which has alkali metal atoms disposed within. A light source emits light to excite the alkali metal atoms in the atomic cell. An optical element is disposed between the light source and the atomic cell, and enlarges the radiation angle of light emitted from the light source. A light detector detects light transmitted through the atomic cell.

Abstract: A time synchronization system includes a clock supply apparatus that includes an oscillator and generates a first time signal; and a time synchronization apparatus that includes a receiver which includes a fluctuation reducing unit provided on an outside of the clock supply apparatus, and which generates a second time signal based on a satellite signal. In addition, it is preferable that the time synchronization system is used in the network synchronization based on a master-slave synchronization method. Further, it is preferable that the oscillator is an atomic oscillator. In addition, it is preferable that the receiver and the clock supply apparatus are disposed at positions which are separated from each other. Further, it is preferable that the receiver and the clock supply apparatus are connected to each other via an optical fiber.

Abstract: A gas cell includes alkali metal enclosed within an internal space configured by a trunk portion and window portions. An interior wall surface of the trunk portion includes a holding portion having a contact angle with liquid alkali metal of less than 90°.

Abstract: An atomic cell is filled with an alkali metal therein and includes an inner wall which is formed from a material containing a compound having a polar group, a first coating layer which coats the inner wall and is formed from a first molecule having a nonpolar group and a functional group that undergoes an elimination reaction with the polar group, and a second coating layer which coats the first coating layer and is formed from a nonpolar second molecule, wherein the second molecule is polypropylene, polyethylene, or polymethylpentene.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell, a first light source device, a second light source device, and a reception section. The atom cell is filled with alkali metal. The first light source device emits a light beam that includes a resonance light beam pair configured to be circularly polarized with each other in the same direction and configured to cause the alkali metal to resonate. The second light source device emits a light beam that includes adjustment light beam configured to be circularly polarized in a reverse direction to the resonance light beam pair. The reception device receives the resonance light beam pair that pass through the atom cell. The adjustment light beam may include the resonance light beam that causes the alkali metal to resonate. In addition, the resonance light beam pair may be a line and the adjustment light beam is a line.

Abstract: An atomic oscillator includes an atom cell, a first light source device, a second light source device, and a reception section. The atom cell is filled with alkali metal. The first light source device emits a light beam that includes a resonance light beam pair configured to be circularly polarized with each other in the same direction and configured to cause the alkali metal to resonate. The second light source device emits a light beam that includes adjustment light beam configured to be circularly polarized in a reverse direction to the resonance light beam pair. The reception device receives the resonance light beam pair that pass through the atom cell. The adjustment light beam may include the resonance light beam that causes the alkali metal to resonate. In addition, the resonance light beam pair may be a line and the adjustment light beam is a line.