Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejection module capable of enhancing the strength of an orifice plate while achieving favorable ejection operation at each ejection port. To that end, the liquid ejection module includes a functional layer in which a plurality of energy generating elements are arranged, a flow channel forming layer in which pressure chambers, individual flow channels, and a common flow channel are formed, and an orifice plate having ejection ports formed therein. The functional layer, the flow channel forming layer and the orifice plate are stacked. In the flow channel forming layer, a beam is formed, extending from a flow channel wall of the common flow channel toward the individual flow channels and supporting the orifice plate in a region facing a first opening.

Abstract: In a liquid ejection head, a substrate is provided with a first inflow port located on an upstream side of a pressure chamber with respect to a direction of flow of liquids in a liquid flow passage and configured to allow a first liquid to flow into the liquid flow passage, a second inflow port located on the upstream side of the first inflow port and configured to allow a second liquid to flow into the liquid flow passage, and a lateral wall extending in a direction of extension of the liquid flow passage. At least part of the lateral wall is located above the first inflow port. In the pressure chamber, the first liquid flows in contact with a pressure generating element while the second liquid flows closer to the ejection port than the first liquid does.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting head includes, on an element substrate, an ejection orifice line formed of a plurality of ejection orifices, a plurality of pressure chambers that communicates with the ejection orifices, respectively, a first flow passage and a second flow passage that extend along the ejection orifice line and communicate with the plurality of pressure chambers, respectively, and a plurality of first openings that communicates with the first flow passage and a plurality of second openings that communicates with the second flow passage. The number of the first openings and the number of the second openings are equal to each other and even numbers. Out of the plurality of first openings and the plurality of second openings, openings positioned at both ends in an ejection orifice line direction are either the first openings or the second openings.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a plurality of units each including a charge generation region disposed in a semiconductor layer. Each of a first unit and a second unit of the plurality of units includes a charge storage region configured to store charges transferred thereto from the charge generation region, a dielectric region located above the charge generation region and surrounded by an insulator layer, and a first light-shielding layer covering the charge storage region that is located between the insulator layer and the semiconductor layer, and the first light-shielding layer having an opening located above the charge generation region. The charge generation region of the first unit is able to receive light through the opening of the first light-shielding layer. The charge generation region of the second unit is covered with a second light-shielding layer.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a print element substrate including multiple ejection openings, pressure chambers, a common flow path, and pumps, the pumps being configured to circulate liquid between the common flow path and the pressure chamber; and a flow path member laminated to the print element substrate. The flow path member includes a supply flow path and a collection flow path, the supply flow path being configured to supply liquid to the print element substrate, and the collection flow path being configured to collect liquid that is not ejected. The supply flow path and the collection flow path have liquid connection with the same common flow path. A circulating pump generates a flow of liquid flowing in an order of the supply flow path, the common flow path, and the collection flow path, the circulating pump being provided at a position different from the print element substrate.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes an ejection orifice for ejecting a liquid; a flow path in which an energy generating element is disposed, generates an energy to be used for ejecting the liquid; a liquid inside the flow path; an ejection orifice part that allows the ejection orifice and the flow path to communicate with each other; a supply flow path for supplying the liquid from the outside; and a recovery flow path for recovering the liquid to the outside. The moisture content of the liquid is 65 wt % or less. The liquid inside the flow path is circulated between the inside and the outside of the flow path.

Abstract: In a liquid ejection head, ejection orifices can be densely arranged while suppressing decrease in liquid flow speed. A channel extending through a pressure chamber extends in a direction crossing an ejection orifice array such that a liquid flows between the two ends of the channel located on the sides of the ejection orifice array.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes: a substrate; pressure chambers provided on a surface of the substrate and through which a first liquid and a second liquid flow; a pressure generating element configured to pressurize the first liquid; and a discharge port communicating with at least one pressure chamber and through which the second liquid is discharged. First and second supply channels, first and second collecting channels, third and fourth supply channels, and third and fourth collecting channels are formed on the substrate. A common channel is formed between a first pressure chamber row and a second pressure chamber row. The common channel communicates with the first supply channel and the third supply channel, or communicates with the second supply channel and the fourth supply channel, or communicates with the first collecting channel and the third collecting channel, or communicates with the second collecting channel and the fourth collecting channel.

Abstract: A liquid discharge head includes a substrate, pressure chambers, a pressure generating element, a discharge port, and a liquid channel. First and second communication supply channels and first and second communication collecting channels are formed in the substrate. A central axis of a first communication supply opening is located closer to the corresponding pressure chamber than a central axis of a first common supply opening, or a central axis of a second communication supply opening is located closer to the corresponding pressure chamber than a central axis of a second common supply opening, or a central axis of a first communication collecting opening is located closer to the corresponding pressure chamber than a central axis of a first common collecting opening, or a central axis of a second communication collecting opening is located closer to the corresponding pressure chamber than a central axis of a second common collecting opening.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a print element substrate including multiple ejection openings, pressure chambers, a common flow path, and pumps, the pumps being configured to circulate liquid between the common flow path and the pressure chamber; and a flow path member laminated to the print element substrate. The flow path member includes a supply flow path and a collection flow path, the supply flow path being configured to supply liquid to the print element substrate, and the collection flow path being configured to collect liquid that is not ejected. The supply flow path and the collection flow path have liquid connection with the same common flow path. A circulating pump generates a flow of liquid flowing in an order of the supply flow path, the common flow path, and the collection flow path, the circulating pump being provided at a position different from the print element substrate.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a nozzle including an ejection port for ejecting a liquid for performing recording on a recording medium, and a pressure chamber in which an energy generating element that generates energy used for ejecting the liquid from the ejection port is disposed; and a heating unit that heats the liquid. In the liquid ejection head, the liquid in the pressure chamber is circulated to and from the outside of the pressure chamber, and an average number of preliminary ejections per nozzle during an operation period in which the recording is performed is equal to or greater than 0 and equal to or less than 20.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus inspecting a wafer on which a plurality of patterns are formed by a plurality of exposure shots, the inspection apparatus comprising: acquisition unit configured to acquire first information representing a positional relation between an inspection mark included in a pattern formed by a first exposure shot and an inspection mark included in a pattern formed by a second exposure shot, and second information representing a positional relation between the inspection mark included in the pattern formed by the second exposure shot and an inspection mark included in a pattern formed by a third exposure shot; and derivation unit configured to derive a linear component of an error caused by a reticle, and a linear component of an error caused by a position of a wafer, on the basis of the first information and the second information.

Abstract: In a case where a direction of ejection of a second liquid is a direction from below to above, the second liquid flows above a first liquid in a pressure chamber. A substrate includes an outflow port located downstream of the pressure chamber in a direction of flow of the first liquid and configured to allow the first liquid to flow out of a liquid flow passage. A wall is located in the liquid flow passage and on a section of the substrate on a side opposite to the pressure chamber across the outflow port, the wall including a portion located higher than a surface of a section of the substrate where the pressure chamber is located on a side opposite to the wall across the outflow port.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes an ejection opening; a passage in which an energy generation element is disposed; an ejection opening portion that allows communication between the ejection opening and the passage; a supply passage for allowing the liquid to flow into the passage; and an outflow passage for allowing the liquid to flow out to the outside. An expression of H?0.34×P?0.66×W>1.7 is satisfied when a height of the passage is set to H [?m], a length of the ejection opening portion is set to P [?m], and a length of the ejection opening portion is set to W [?m].

Abstract: A first inflow port allows a first liquid to flow into a liquid flow passage, and a second inflow port allows a second liquid to flow into the liquid flow passage. The first and second liquids flow toward a pressure chamber. There is a portion satisfying L?W, where L is a length of the first inflow port and W is a length of the liquid flow passage above the first inflow port, in a direction orthogonal to a direction of flow of the first liquid in the pressure chamber and to a direction of ejection of the second liquid from an ejection port. In a case where the second liquid is ejected from bottom to top, the second liquid flows above the first liquid.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a pair of electrodes disposed on a first surface of a substrate forming part of a flow path for a liquid. The electrodes of the pair of electrodes are adjacent to each other in a transverse direction of the electrodes, and the liquid moves in the transverse direction upon application of a voltage across the electrodes. The electrodes each include a ridge portion disposed on the first surface and an electrode wiring line connected to a power source for applying the voltage. The electrode wiring line covers an upper surface of the ridge portion and side surfaces of the ridge portion and extends from parts covering the side surfaces of the ridge portion to a downstream side and an upstream side with respect to a direction in which the liquid moves, so as to cover the first surface.

Abstract: A liquid ejection apparatus capable of suppressing the amount of liquid to discharge by recovery processing is provided. The liquid ejection apparatus includes: a first path fluidly connected to an ejection port unit and provided with a deformable region; and a second path fluidly connected to the first path via the ejection port unit and provided with a deformable region. Here, a flow of liquid is generated between the first path and the second path by a displacement unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus 101 capable of performing printing with a high image quality, and a control method of the image forming apparatus 101 are provided. For this purpose, a threshold value Dt is preliminarily set that allows printing without occurrence of blur, for each of preliminarily set monitoring areas A. In the case where a print duty for each of the monitoring areas A has exceeded the threshold value Dt, an ejection frequency of ink and conveying speed of a print medium are reduced in association therebetween.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a pressure chamber that allows a first liquid and a second liquid to flow inside, a pressure generation element that applies pressure to the first liquid and an ejection port that ejects the second liquid. The first liquid and the second liquid that flows on a side closer to the ejection port than the first liquid flow in contact with each other in the pressure chamber. The first liquid and the second liquid flowing in the pressure chamber satisfy 0.0<0.44(Q2/Q1)?0.322(?2/?1)?0.109<1.0, where ?1 is a viscosity of the first liquid, ?2 is a viscosity of the second liquid, Q1 is a flow rate of the first liquid, and Q2 is a flow rate of the second liquid.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head can stably eject a liquid from an ejection port by mitigating thickening of the liquid by evaporation from the ejection port. The liquid ejection head has a support substrate; a liquid chamber arranged on the support substrate and provided with an energy generating element for generating energy necessary for ejection of a liquid and an ejection port from which the liquid is ejected; and a circulation flow path of the liquid that passes through the liquid chamber. The liquid ejection head further has a first circulating element that forms a first circulatory flow in the circulation flow path; and a second circulating element that forms a second circulatory flow inside the liquid chamber and a driving frequency of the first circulating element is lower than a driving frequency of the second circulating element.