Abstract: A formed product, characterized in that it is produced by using, as a material, a steel having an ultra fine structure comprising ferrite grains having an average grain diameter of 3 ?m or less and by a method comprising only a forming step and including none of refining steps; and a method for producting the above formed product with ease. The formed product contains no alloying element and has been subjected to no refining step, and has been imparted with high strength and high toughness by the above ultra fine structure.

Abstract: A liquid discharging apparatus includes: a pressure chamber that is in communication with a nozzle; an element that operates to cause a pressure change in liquid retained in the pressure chamber; and a discharging pulse generating unit that generates a discharging pulse for operating the element to discharge the liquid from the nozzle, wherein the discharging pulse generating unit generates an anterior discharging pulse and a posterior discharging pulse in such a manner that a time period A from the end of the anterior discharging pulse to the start of the posterior discharging pulse satisfies the following formula (1).

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: a light source; a first optical element that converts light emitted from the light source to parallel light; a deflection element that deflects the light in a fast scanning direction to scan a surface of an object to be scanned with the light at a constant speed; a second optical element that guides the light to the deflection element; and a third optical element that focuses the light deflected by the deflection element onto the surface of the object to be scanned, at least one surface among surfaces of the third optical element that intersect the light including a surface form which affects only one of fast scanning direction characteristics or slow scanning direction characteristics at an image plane.

Abstract: The semiconductor device comprises a conductor plug 20 and an interconnection 22 having one end connected directly to an upper part of the conductor plug 20. The conductor plug 20 has a projection 20a formed at the upper part of the conductor plug 20 integral with the conductor plug 20 and having a projection 20a projected in the direction from one end of the interconnection 22 toward the inside thereof. The interconnection 22 is connected to at least the projection 20a of the conductor plug 20. Because of the projection 20a of the conductor plug 20 is formed, even when the pattern of the interconnection 22 is largely set back, the connection between the interconnection 22 and the conductor plug 20 can be ensured at least at the projection 20a. Thus, even when the pattern of the interconnection 22 is largely set back due to the micronization and high density of the interconnection 22, the interconnection 22 and the conductor plug 20 can be connected to each other without failure.

Abstract: A carba-sugar amine derivative represented by the following formula (1) or (2) is used as the active ingredient of a ?-galactosidase inhibitor or a glycolipid metabolic disorder treating agent. Wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents H, an alkyl group, an acyl group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, with the proviso that both are not H at the same time, and each of R3, R4, R5 and R6 independently represents a hydroxyl group or hydroxyl group having a substituent. Also, R7 represents an alkyl group, and each of R8, R9, R10 and R11 independently represents a hydroxyl group or a hydroxyl group having a substituent.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel ?-amino acid derivatives of formula (1): (wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, X and Y are as defined in the claims) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs or solvates thereof. The derivatives of formula (1) have ?ARK1 inhibitory activity and are useful for preventing or treating heart failure. Moreover, the derivatives of formula (1) also have antitumor activity, particularly dual inhibitory activity on Aurora kinase and CDK, and are useful for cell proliferative diseases such as cancer.

Abstract: A velocity of Ar gas flow passing through between a lower end of a cylindrical body and a thermal shielding body is influenced by arrangement of a pulling path of single crystal silicon, a cylindrical body, and a thermal shielding body. Accordingly, the velocity of the Ar gas flow passing through between a lower end of the cylindrical body and the thermal shielding body is controlled by adjusting a relative position of the pulling path of the single crystal silicon, the cylindrical body, and the thermal shielding body. As described above, dust falling off to silicon melt can be reduced, thereby preventing deterioration in quality of the single crystal silicon.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejecting method, including ejecting a liquid from a liquid ejecting head, wherein: the viscosity of the liquid is in a range from 6 mPa·s to 15 mPa·s, the liquid ejecting head includes: nozzles which eject the liquid; a pressure chamber which applies a pressure variation to the liquid in order to eject the liquid from the nozzles; and a supply unit which communicates with the pressure chamber and supplies the liquid to the pressure chamber, the volume of the supply unit is more than ? of the volume of the pressure chamber and is less than ½ of the volume of the pressure chamber, and the channel length of the pressure chamber is equal to or more than the channel length of the supply unit and is equal to or less than twice of the channel length of the supply unit

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejecting method, comprising ejecting a liquid from a liquid ejecting head, wherein: the viscosity of the liquid is in a range from 6 mPa·s to 15 mPa·s, the liquid ejecting head includes: nozzles which eject the liquid; a pressure chamber which applies a pressure variation to the liquid in order to eject the liquid from the nozzles; and a supply unit which communicates with the pressure chamber and supplies the liquid to the pressure chamber, the cross-sectional area of the supply unit is in a range from ? of the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber to the cross-sectional area of the pressure chamber, and the channel length of the pressure chamber is equal to or more than the channel length of the supply unit and is equal to or less than twice of the channel length of the supply unit.

Abstract: A liquid ejecting method includes ejecting a liquid through a liquid ejecting head. Viscosity of the liquid falls within a range from 6 mPa·s to 15 mPa·s. The liquid ejecting head includes a nozzle that ejects the liquid, a pressure compartment that causes a change in the pressure of the liquid to eject the liquid through the nozzle, and a supply unit that communicates with the pressure compartment and supplies the liquid to the pressure compartment. A channel flow resistance of the supply unit ranges from equal to or higher than a channel flow resistance of the pressure compartment to equal to or lower than twice the channel flow resistance of the pressure compartment.

Abstract: A speed change operation apparatus for a vehicle for performing speed change operation of a transmission of a vehicle by a pivotal operation of an operating-lever shaft can comprise a body adapted to be mounted on a vehicle and an operating-lever shaft pivotally supported on the body. A metal core member can be rotated by pivotal operation of the operating-lever shaft. Coils can be arranged along a pivotal trajectory of the core member and can have a voltage applied thereto. Shift positions of the operating-lever shaft can be detected by variations of voltage caused by movement of the core member in the coils.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a dual gate CMOS logic circuit having gate electrodes with different conducting types and a trench capacitor type memory on a same substrate includes a trench of the substrate for the trench capacitor, a dielectric film formed in the trench, a first poly silicon film formed inside of the trench, and a cell plate electrode located above the dielectric film. The cell plate electrode includes a first poly silicon film formed on the dielectric film partially filling the trench, and a second poly silicon film formed on the first poly silicon film to completely fill the trench. The second poly silicon film includes a sufficient film thickness for forming gate electrodes, wherein the impurity concentration of the first poly silicon film is higher than the impurity concentration of the second poly silicon film.

Abstract: A formed product, characterized in that it is produced by using, as a material, a steel having an ultra fine structure comprising ferrite grains having an average grain diameter of 3 ?m or less and by a method comprising only a forming step and including none of refining steps; and a method for producting the above formed product with ease. The formed product contains no alloying element and has been subjected to no refining step, and has been imparted with high strength and high toughness by the above ultra fine structure.

Abstract: A light scanning device, including a light source including plural light emitting elements arranged linearly, a deflection section that deflects plural light beams emitted from the light source to scan a surface to be scanned, a photosensor that receives at least one of the plural light beams that are deflected by the deflection section, a signal generation section that generates a signal when a light energy amount received at the photosensor reaches a predetermined amount, and a control section that starts scanning of the surface to be scanned by each light beam after a predetermined amount of time passes from a point in time when the signal is generated by the signal generation section, the light receiving surface of the photosensor being inclined to receive light beams emitted from at least two light emitting elements among the plural light emitting elements, is provided.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes: a light source; a first optical element that converts light emitted from the light source to parallel light; a deflection element that deflects the light in a fast scanning direction to scan a surface of an object to be scanned with the light at a constant speed; a second optical element that guides the light to the deflection element; and a third optical element that focuses the light deflected by the deflection element onto the surface of the object to be scanned, at least one surface among surfaces of the third optical element that intersect the light including a surface form which affects only one of fast scanning direction characteristics or slow scanning direction characteristics at an image plane.

Abstract: A channel stop region is formed immediately under an STI, and thereafter, an ion implantation is performed with conditions in which an impurity is doped into an upper layer portion of an active region, and at the same time, the impurity is also doped into immediately under another STI, and a channel dose region is formed at the upper layer portion of the active region, and another channel stop region is formed immediately under the STI.

Abstract: There is provided an ink-jet recording apparatus that can maintain a constant light emission intensity of a light source with a simple structure, and allows easy replacement of the light source, while realizing miniaturization and reduction in weight of the apparatus. The ink-jet recording apparatus includes a recording head to jet photocurable ink onto a recording medium, wherein the photocurable ink is cured by being exposed to light; and a light emitting device having a light source to emit light to cure the photocurable ink, the light source including a light emitting tube and metal caps provided at both ends of the light emitting tube, wherein the light emitting tube has a bent section.

Abstract: An inkjet printer having, a white color head to jet a white color ink; a plurality of process color heads to jet respective process color inks; and a controller to control operations of the white color head and the plurality of process color heads, wherein the controller selectively conducts a control of a top face printing where at least one of the plurality of the process color heads jets the respective process color ink after the white color head jets the white color ink, or a control of a bottom face printing where the white color head jets the white color ink after at least one of the plurality of the process color heads jets the respective process color ink.

Abstract: A method for controlling an air cylinder such that air is supplied to and exhausted from pressure chambers of the air cylinder by air servo valves. Pressures in the pressure chambers are detected by pressure sensors, signals of the detected pressures are feedback to a controller, and the degrees of opening of the air servo valves are adjusted by corresponding PID adjusters of the controller on the basis of the respective differences between instruction values and detection values. The displacement of the rod of the air cylinder is detected by a displacement sensor, and a detection signal of the displacement is fed back to the controller so that a gain of the PID adjuster is always changed in accordance with the detection signal of the displacement.

Abstract: A transmission and reception system includes a transmitter for transmitting stream data into which first metadata and second metadata are multiplexed, and a receiver for receiving the stream data transmitted by the transmitter and extracting the first metadata and the second metadata from the stream data. The transmitter includes a multiplexing condition storage unit, a multiplex determination unit, a multiplexing unit and a transmitting unit. The receiver includes a receiving unit, an extraction condition storage unit, an extraction determination unit and an extracting unit.