Abstract: In press molding, a shaft (metal mold 13) is moved by positional or torque control to cause upper and lower molds to reach a set position slightly before a position where the upper and lower molds are set in a final mold closed state. As soon as the upper and lower molds reaches the set position, the control is switched to torque control using a small force which does not deform a glass material to perform feedback control. For this reason, when the cooling process is started, the mobile shaft is moved by the same amount as a contraction amount of the shaft, the actual position of the shaft is moved. However, a tight contact state between the molds and the glass material is kept without changing the thickness of the glass material, and positional control and torque control can be apparently performed at once. Thereafter, when temperature reaches an almost glass transition point, final pressing is performed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide comprises a first step of laminating, on one major surface of a first glass material, a second glass material to a desired thickness, the second glass material having optical characteristics different from those of the first glass material, a second step of forming the second glass material to have a desired circuit pattern, and a third step of laminating a third glass material having optical characteristics similar to those of the first glass material on an entire surface of the first glass material on which the circuit pattern is formed by the second glass material. In at least one of the first and third steps, the glass material to be laminated is laminated by coupling.

Abstract: In press molding, a shaft (metal mold 13) is moved by positional or torque control to cause upper and lower molds to reach a set position slightly before a position where the upper and lower molds are set in a final mold closed state. As soon as the upper and lower molds reaches the set position, the control is switched to torque control using a small force which does not deform a glass material to perform feedback control. For this reason, when the cooling process is started, the mobile shaft is moved by the same amount as a contraction amount of the shaft, the actual position of the shaft is moved. However, a tight contact state between the molds and the glass material is kept without changing the thickness of the glass material, and positional control and torque control can be apparently performed at once. Thereafter, when temperature reaches an almost glass transition point, final pressing is performed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed which place a glass blank on a lower mold arranged in an opposed relation to an upper mold, heat these molds and glass blank by an infrared lamp unit or high-frequency coil arranged around the molds and press-mold an optical glass element. In the method and apparatus, the infrared lamp unit or high-frequency coil is supported by a supporting mechanism such that it is movable along a direction in which the mold is moved. In cases where a relative position of the infrared lamp unit or high-frequency coil to the mold varies depending upon the shape and size of such molds or the shape and size of optical glass elements obtained, the infrared lamp or high-frequency coil is adjustably moved relative to the mold by a movable mechanism using a motor or air cylinder as an operation source. By using temperature sensors attached to both the molds, the temperatures of the upper and lower molds are controlled to a corresponding desired level.

Abstract: The apparatus for molding an optical glass element is made up of relatively movable upper and lower molds for press molding a glass blank, and a plurality of infrared ray lamps encircling the upper and lower molds, temperature measuring devices for measuring the temperatures of the upper and lower molds, and a controller responsive to the outputs of the temperature measuring devices for controlling electric inputs to the infrared ray lamps thereby maintaining the temperatures of the upper and lower molds at predetermined values.

Abstract: The apparatus for molding an optical glass element is made up of relatively movable upper and lower molds for press molding a glass blank, and a plurality of infrared ray lamps encircling the upper and lower molds, temperature measuring devices for measuring the temperatures of the upper and lower molds, and a controller responsive to the outputs of the temperature measuring devices for controlling electric inputs to the infrared ray lamps thereby maintaining the temperatures of the upper and lower molds at predetermined values.

Abstract: A glass blank is molded into a lens while being clamped between a pair of molds and heated by a heater. A mold clamping force is applied, substantially concurrently with the heating, to the molds to deform the lens blank. The mold clamping force is unable to deform the lens blank when the temperature of the lens blank is below a transition point of the lens blank and the mold clamping force is able to deform the lens blank when the temperature of the lens blank is above the transition point. The deformation starting point of the lens blank is detected based on a movement of the molds. A temperature of the molds at the deformation starting point is also detected. The temperature of the molds at the starting point is stored in a control device.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning a plurality of semiconductor substrates on a movable, support in a desired pattern, in a semiconductor vapor phase growing apparatus. A memory is provided for storing two dimensional data corresponding to the desired pattern. The desired pattern is predetermined by the sizes of the substrates and the space available on the flat support. A loading/unloading device loads and unloads the substrates on the support at positions corresponding to the two-dimensional data read from the memory. A positioning device positions the support so that the substrates can be loaded and unloaded at the predetermined positions. A control device synchronizes the movement of the loading/unloading device and the positioning device in accordance with the selected position so that the substrates are loaded and unloaded on the flat support in the desired pattern.

Abstract: An epitaxial growing apparatus comprises a base plate, a quartz bell jar mounted on the base plate, and a reaction chamber defined by the base plate and the quartz bell jar, in which an epitaxial thin film layer of a semiconductor substance is formed on the substrate mounted on a support member. A metal bell jar is disposed outside the quartz bell jar so as to surround the quartz bell jar and a plurality of engaging members are operatively connected to the metal bell jar for detachably engaging the metal bell jar with the quartz bell jar.

Abstract: In a pump for use in a hot chamber type die casting machine wherein corrosive molten metal particularly aluminum or alloys thereof is injected into a metal mould through a goose neck shaped passage, a porous ceramic tube having a porosity of 10 to 40% and acting as the goose neck shaped passage is cast in the main body of the pump. The porous ceramic tube comprises sintered zircon or porous graphite.