Abstract: A system for measuring the height of bin contents includes transmitters for transmitting pulses of wave energy towards the upper surface of the contents and receivers for receiving echoes of the pulses and producing corresponding signals. The transmitters and receivers are distributed aerially above the contents. The system also includes a processing apparatus, for using the received signals to map the upper surface, that includes correlators that correlate pulse waveforms with the signals, and a beamformer. In one embodiment, the beamformer computes, from the signals considered as corresponding to echoes, of pulses from fewer synthetic transmitters, received at a synthetic receiver array, respective directions of arrival of the signals.

Abstract: A method and a system for automatically mapping obstacles within a bin that stores content, the system may include a location estimator that is arranged to calculate, in response to detection signals, multiple estimates of shapes of the upper surface of the content at different time periods; wherein the detection signals are generated by a receiver in response to radiation signals reflected or scattered within the bin; and an obstacle detector that is arranged to detect an obstacle in response to relationships between the multiple estimates of shapes of the upper surface of the content.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium and a system that includes a fuzzy logic module arranged to apply a fuzzy logic algorithm for calculating, in response to received echoes that are received by a receiver, confidence levels of origins of received echoes; wherein the received echoes are reflected or scattered from the origins; and a volume calculator that is arranged to calculate a volume of the content in response to (a) estimated locations of the origins, and (b) the confidence levels of the origins.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium and a system that includes a confidence level module arranged to calculate, in response to detection signals, estimated upper surface points and to associate a non-binary confidence level with each estimated upper surface point; wherein the detection signals are generated by a receiver in response to an irradiation of at least a portion of the upper surface of the content with radiation pulses transmitted by a transmitter; and an estimator that is arranged to calculate an estimate of the upper surface based upon the estimated upper surface points and the non-binary confidence level associated with each estimated upper surface point.

Abstract: A system for measuring the height of bin content includes a transmitter for transmitting an acoustic pulse towards the upper surface of the content, a non-collinear receiver array for receiving an echo of the pulse and producing signals in response to the echo, and a processing apparatus for computing one or more directions of arrival of the signals from the upper surface to the array along with corresponding measured distances. Preferably, the receivers are transducers that also serve as transmitters. Two or more such measured distances constitute a map of the upper surface for estimating the quantity of the bin content. Preferably, the system includes a pulse shaper and repeater for optimizing the pulse shape relative to the signals.

Abstract: To transmit data, a set of at least 2m n×n matrices that represent an extension of a fixed-point-free group is provided. To each of 2m of the matrices is allocated one of the binary numbers from 0 to 2m?1. The data are mapped into the matrices according to the allocation. The mapped matrices are transmitted, preferably using n antennas, one antenna per row of each matrix.

Abstract: A system for measuring the height of bin content includes a transmitter for transmitting an acoustic pulse towards the upper surface of the content, a non-collinear receiver array for receiving an echo of the pulse and producing signals in response to the echo, and a processing apparatus for computing one or more directions of arrival of the signals from the upper surface to the array along with corresponding measured distances. Preferably, the receivers are transducers that also serve as transmitters. Two or more such measured distances constitute a map of the upper surface for estimating the quantity of the bin content. Preferably, the system includes a pulse shaper and repeater for optimizing the pulse shape relative to the signals.

Abstract: To transmit data, a set of at least 2m n×n matrices that represent an extension of a fixed-point-free group is provided. To each of 2m of the matrices is allocated one of the binary numbers from 0 to 2m?1. The data are mapped into the matrices according to the allocation. The mapped matrices are transmitted, preferably using n antennas, one antenna per row of each matrix.