Abstract: A water-soluble metalworking fluid of the invention contains a component (A) that is a dicarboxylic acid including a sulfide structure and a component (B) that is a monocarboxylic acid, in which the fluid contains no polyalkylene glycol. A metalworking coolant of the invention is provided by diluting the above-described water-soluble metalworking fluid with water.

Abstract: A water-soluble metalworking fluid of the invention contains: a component (A) that is a dicarboxylic acid including a sulfide structure; a component (B) that is a polyalkylene glycol; a component (C) that is polyhydric alcohol polyalkylene oxide adducts; and a component (D) that is a monocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A polyaniline composite including substituted or unsubstituted polyaniline molecules and a proton donar, the polyaniline molecules being doped with the proton donar, the composite having a chlorine content of 0.6 wt % or less and the composite satisfying the following formula (1): P10000/PALL?0.15??(1) wherein P10000 is the total sum of the weights of the polyaniline molecules contained in the polyaniline composite having a molecular weight of 10000 or less; and PALL is the total sum of the weights of all polyaniline molecules contained in the polyaniline composite.

Abstract: A water-based metalworking fluid contains a component (A) of alkanolamine represented by a formula (1) below as an amine component and a component (B) of alkanolamine represented by a formula (2) below as an amine component, a molar ratio of an amine component having a molecular weight of 90 or less to a total of the amine components (the amine component having a molecular weight of 90 or less/the total of the amine components) is 0.67 or less. In the formula, R1 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; n is 1 to 3; and R1 may be mutually the same or different. In the formula: R2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and Z1 and Z2 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A polyaniline composite including substituted or unsubstituted polyaniline molecules and a proton donar, the polyaniline molecules being doped with the proton donar, the composite having a chlorine content of 0.6 wt % or less and the composite satisfying the following formula (1): P10000/PALL?0.15??(1) wherein P10000 is the total sum of the weights of the polyaniline molecules contained in the polyaniline composite having a molecular weight of 10000 or less; and PALL is the total sum of the weights of all polyaniline molecules contained in the polyaniline composite.