Abstract: Automation of surveying operations is achieved. When surveying is performed by a surveying apparatus, acquisition of a surveying condition, acquisition of surveying data, acquisition of image data, and acquisition of environmental data are performed. These pieces of data are associated with each other and are stored as learning data. On the basis of this learning data, an AI-estimated model for estimating a surveying condition by using image data of a surveying target and environmental data of a surveying site, is generated.

Abstract: Efficiency of operation related to acquisition of a tilt offset of a surveying apparatus is improved. A total station includes a tilt sensor, a tilt offset acquisition unit that acquires a tilt offset of the tilt sensor, a measurement unit that measures a variable value of a phenomenon that can cause the tilt offset to vary, and a determination unit that determines whether to acquire the tilt offset, based on output from the measurement unit.

Abstract: A technique enables a surveying device to acquire a direction of a target by using as little extra hardware as possible. A method aims a laser scanner, as a surveying device, at a reflective prism that is a target. The method includes obtaining a photographic image of the laser scanner that is captured by a smartphone from the reflective prism side and determining a direction of the reflective prism as seen from the laser scanner on the basis of the photographic image. The method also includes rotating the laser scanner to make the laser scanner face the reflective prism straight on, on the basis of the direction of the reflective prism as seen from the laser scanner.

Abstract: A technique enables easy quantitative evaluation for drilling operations. A civil engineering work data processing device includes a positioning data receiving unit, a three-dimensional model estimating unit, and a drilled depth calculator. The positioning data receiving unit receives positioning data obtained by performing positioning using laser light, on a drilling rod. The three-dimensional model estimating unit estimates a three-dimensional model of the drilling rod, on the basis of the positioning data. The drilled depth calculator calculates a depth of a hole generated in a civil engineering work target by the drilling rod, on the basis of the estimated three-dimensional model.

Abstract: A technique that enables easily determining an attitude of a laser scanning apparatus is provided. A surveying device includes a sunlight incident direction measurement unit, a Sun direction acquisition unit, and an attitude calculator. The sunlight incident direction measurement unit measures an incident direction of sunlight that enters a laser scanning apparatus, based on a detected waveform of incident light entering the laser scanning apparatus. The Sun direction acquisition unit acquires a direction of the Sun as seen from the laser scanning apparatus, from astronomical data, based on a position of the laser scanning apparatus. The attitude calculator calculates an attitude of the laser scanning apparatus in an absolute coordinate system, based on the incident direction of sunlight and the direction of the Sun as seen from the laser scanning apparatus, which is acquired from the astronomical data.

Abstract: Construction management and control of construction machines are efficiently performed at civil engineering sites. A laser scanning method includes a first laser scanning and a second laser scanning. The first laser scanning is performed on a blade of a construction machine by a laser scanning apparatus. The second laser scanning is performed on an area in which the construction machine has operated, by the laser scanning apparatus. The first laser scanning is performed at a frequency higher than a frequency of the second laser scanning.

Abstract: Effects of multiple reflections in distance measurement using a laser are reduced. A surveying method for measuring a distance to a reflection point that reflects distance measuring light, based on emission and reception of the distance measuring light, includes assuming that a symbol “K” represents a natural number, excluding zero, and determining whether a beam that is received after the (K+1)th light emission is a repeatedly reflected beam of light that has been emitted before the (K+1)th light emission. The beam that is received, after the (K+1)th light emission, at a time corresponding to a period based on a time interval from light emission at or before the Kth light emission until first reception of a beam related to the light emission at or before the Kth light emission, is determined as being the repeatedly reflected beam.

Abstract: A technique that enables easily determining an attitude of a laser scanning apparatus is provided. A surveying device includes a sunlight incident direction measurement unit, a Sun direction acquisition unit, and an attitude calculator. The sunlight incident direction measurement unit measures an incident direction of sunlight that enters a laser scanning apparatus, based on a detected waveform of incident light entering the laser scanning apparatus. The Sun direction acquisition unit acquires a direction of the Sun as seen from the laser scanning apparatus, from astronomical data, based on a position of the laser scanning apparatus. The attitude calculator calculates an attitude of the laser scanning apparatus in an absolute coordinate system, based on the incident direction of sunlight and the direction of the Sun as seen from the laser scanning apparatus, which is acquired from the astronomical data.

Abstract: Efficiency of a technique for performing laser scanning and photography simultaneously is improved. A laser scanning apparatus includes a horizontally rotatable horizontal rotation unit, a rotation controller, and a processor or circuitry. The horizontal rotation unit includes cameras and a vertical rotation unit that performs laser scanning in an upper-lower direction. The rotation controller controls rotation of the horizontal rotation unit. The processor or circuitry performs a process of not selecting some pieces of laser scanning data that is obtained by laser scanning in the upper-lower direction. Laser scanning and photography that uses the cameras are performed while the horizontal rotation unit is horizontally rotated. The rotation of the horizontal rotation unit is decelerated in performing photography. The processor or circuitry does not select some pieces of laser scanning data that are obtained by laser scanning in the upper-lower direction during the deceleration.

Abstract: Reselection of an instrument point, due to the limited emission range of a scanning laser light, is performed with decreased burden. A total station equipped with a laser scanner has a combined structure of a total station and a laser scanner. The total station equipped with the laser scanner includes a point cloud data acquiring unit, a distance acquiring unit, and an instrument point calculator. The point cloud data acquiring unit acquires point cloud data that is obtained through laser scanning performed by the laser scanner set up at a first instrument point. The distance acquiring unit acquires a distance to the laser scanner of each point in the point cloud data. The instrument point calculator calculates a location of a second instrument point on the basis of an upper limit of the distance.

Abstract: Laser scanning is performed along a transverse section of a tunnel while the amount of scanning is reduced as much as possible. A laser scanning apparatus includes a horizontal rotation unit, a vertical rotation unit disposed on the horizontal rotation unit, and an optical unit disposed on the vertical rotation unit and configured to emit and receive laser scanning light. A method includes obtaining laser scanning data of right and left wall surfaces of a tunnel, calculating a straight line that connects the right and left wall surfaces and that crosses a perpendicular line passing a position at which the laser scanning apparatus is set up, and calculating a direction orthogonal to the straight line in a horizontal plane, and performing laser scanning of a transverse section of the tunnel while the vertical rotation unit is rotated around a rotation axis in the calculated direction.

Abstract: Point cloud data that is missed due to an optical reflection object in measuring point cloud data using a laser scanner is used. A reflection object position calculating device includes a point cloud data receiving unit, a three-dimensional point cloud model generating unit, a missing data part searching unit, a missing data part determining unit, and a reflection object position calculator. The point cloud data receiving unit receives point cloud data. The three-dimensional point cloud model generating unit generates a three-dimensional point cloud model from the received point cloud data. The missing data part searching unit searches for a missing data part of the generated three-dimensional point cloud model. The missing data part determining unit determines whether the found missing data part has a predetermined specific shape. The reflection object position calculator calculates three-dimensional coordinates of the missing data part that is determined as having the specific shape.

Abstract: A surveying apparatus has a combined structure of a total station and a laser scanner. The surveying apparatus includes a point cloud data acquiring unit, an abnormal part detecting unit, an abnormal part position acquiring unit, and an automatic sighting controller. The point cloud data acquiring unit acquires first point cloud data and second point cloud data obtained by laser scanning that is performed on an object to be inspected at a time interval. The abnormal part detecting unit calculates a difference between the first and second point cloud data to detect a part of the object to be inspected, at which position information varies, as a detailed-inspection target part. The abnormal part position acquiring unit acquires a position of the detailed-inspection target part. The automatic sighting controller controls to make the total station sight the detailed-inspection target part, based on the position of the detailed-inspection target part.

Abstract: Point cloud data relating to a matching target is efficiently eliminated after completion of a process of matching between sets of point cloud data obtained at different viewpoints. The surveying data processing device includes a target detecting unit, a location acquiring unit, a point cloud data eliminating region setting unit, and a point cloud data eliminating unit. The target detecting unit detects a target in point cloud data. The point cloud data is obtained by emitting laser light on an object having the target and by detecting the light reflected back from the object. The target location acquiring unit acquires a location of the detected target. The point cloud data eliminating region setting unit sets a point cloud data eliminating region containing the target, based on the location of the target. The point cloud data eliminating unit eliminates point cloud data contained in the point cloud data eliminating region.

Abstract: A technique for enabling efficient surveying operation that uses a light-reflecting target is provided. A surveying apparatus is configured to survey a reflecting prism and includes a controller, a surface calculator, and a position calculator. The controller performs positioning on three or more points on the set-up surface on which the reflecting prism is set up, by using laser light. The surface calculator calculates a plane of the set-up surface based on the positioning data of the three or more points in a case in which the position of the reflecting prism is surrounded by the three or more points in terms of a horizontal plane. The position calculator calculates a point of intersection of the plane and a straight line from the position of the reflecting prism to the plane, as a position on the set-up surface, at which the reflecting prism is set up.

Abstract: Information of an instrument point of a surveying apparatus is more simply and easily acquired. Positioning data that is obtained by a first surveying apparatus in which exterior orientation parameters are known, and positioning data that is obtained by a second surveying apparatus in which exterior orientation parameters are unknown, are received. The first surveying apparatus and the second surveying apparatus are configured to obtain positioning data by measuring multiple positions of a UAV that is flying. A piece of positioning data is acquired from the positioning data of the UAV obtained by the first surveying apparatus and from the positioning data of the UAV obtained by the second surveying apparatus. These pieces of positioning data are in a correspondence relationship. The position of the second surveying apparatus is calculated based on the pieces of positioning data that are in the correspondence relationship, by a method of resection.

Abstract: Detection of a target by a surveying device is automated to achieve simple work. A surveying method uses a surveying device for detecting and identifying a target device having an entire circumference reflection prism and a code display that is arranged in a vertical direction. The surveying device has a laser scanner configured to perform laser scanning along a vertical plane while horizontally rotating. The surveying method includes performing laser scanning by emitting laser scanning light along the vertical plane while making the surveying device horizontally rotate, and detecting the code display on the basis of the laser scanning light that is reflected back.

Abstract: A surveying data processing device includes a point cloud data acquiring unit, a three-dimensional model acquiring unit, a first correspondence relationship determining unit, an extended three-dimensional data generating unit, and a second correspondence relationship determining unit. The point cloud data acquiring unit acquires first point cloud data obtained by laser scanning, at a first viewpoint, and acquires second point cloud data obtained by laser scanning, at a second viewpoint. The three-dimensional model acquiring unit acquires data of a three-dimensional model. The first correspondence relationship determining unit obtains a correspondence relationship between the first point cloud data and the three-dimensional model. The extended three-dimensional data generating unit generates extended three-dimensional data in which the first point cloud data is extended, on the basis of the correspondence relationship.

Abstract: Versatile and convenient safety management of a construction machine is achieved. Construction machines and workers are photographed by a camera of a surveying apparatus. The images of a construction machine and a worker are identified in the photographic image. The positions of the construction machine and the worker that are identified in the photographic image are measured by the surveying apparatus with the use of laser light. The separation distance between the construction machine and the worker in which the positions are measured is calculated. In the case in which the calculated separation distance is at a threshold or less, a warning is issued to the construction machines and the workers.

Abstract: In order to monitor operation situations of site resources at a construction site efficiently, a measuring system uses a surveying apparatus 100 including a camera and a position-determining function using laser light, and the measuring system includes a photographing means for continuously photographing construction machines 201 to 204 which are site resources for performing operations at a construction site by the camera, a recognizing means recognizing the site resources in photographed images obtained by the photographing, a tracking means for tracking the image of the site resources recognized in the multiple photographed images obtained by the continuous photographing, and a position-determining means collimating to the site resources which are objects for the tracking, and determining the positions of site resources by the position-determining function, in which the determining of positions is performed multiple times at intervals.