Abstract: A solar cell (100) includes a p-type amorphous semiconductor layer (11p), an n-type amorphous semiconductor layer (12n), and a recombination layer (R) interposed between the p-type amorphous semiconductor layer (11p) and the n-type amorphous semiconductor layer (12n).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell (100) includes the steps of: a step of cleaning an exposed region (R2) on a rear surface of an n-type crystalline silicon substrate (10n), wherein the step is carried out subsequent to a step of patterning an i-type amorphous semiconductor layer (11i) and a p-type amorphous semiconductor layer (11p) and prior to a step of forming an i-type amorphous semiconductor layer (12i).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell (100) includes the steps of removing a resist film (50) and removing a part of an n-type amorphous semiconductor layer (12n).

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to more completely avoid impossibility of access between a mobile station and a base station, in wireless communication using an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) modulation scheme. In one embodiment, a base station removes a guard interval from an OFDM symbol received from a PHS terminal through a timing correction channel at two different timings to obtain two effective symbols, calculates a timing correction amount by including one timing, at which an guard interval is removed for the effective symbol that has caused detection of one correlation peak within a predetermined timing detection range of two correlation peaks detected from the respective effective symbols, into a differential from reference timing of the base station at the time of detection of the one correlation peak, and transmits the timing correction amount to the PHS terminal by means of a timing correction burst.

Abstract: In order to provide a simpler interleaving operation of an OFDM operation than conventional techniques, an OFDM transmission apparatus which transmits transmission data after conducting OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) operation, includes an interleave portion which, in a step before a serial/parallel conversion for a carrier modulation, the transmission data is randomized based on a random number generated by using a predetermined random number generation method.

Abstract: In order to provide a simpler interleaving operation of an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) operation than conventional techniques, and in order to improve practical effectiveness of the retransmission, an OFDM transmission apparatus which transmits transmission data after conducting OFDM operation, includes: an interleave portion which, in a step before a serial/parallel conversion for a carrier modulation, the transmission data is randomized based on a random number generated by using a predetermined random number generation method; and a control portion which controls the interleave portion to conduct different randomization operations on the transmission data with regard to a retransmission and initial transmission.

Abstract: In a base station device 12 of an OFDMA mobile communication system, a frequency band storage unit 22 stores multiple frequency bands allocatable to mobile station devices, respectively, in association with predetermined conditions related to communication quality. A communication quality acquisition unit 37 acquires communication quality in communication with each of the mobile station devices. A frequency allocator 24 selects any one of the frequency bands from the frequency band storage unit 22 on the basis of the communication quality acquired by the communication quality acquisition unit 37, and notifies the mobile station device of channel information indicating the selected frequency band. Then, the mobile station device communicates with the base station device 12 in the frequency band indicated by the channel information notified by the frequency allocator 24 in the base station device 12.

Abstract: A bit register is restored to the initial state thereof irrespective of the state of the bit register even when a convolution encoder includes a circular section. The convolution encoder comprises an input data acquiring section (F11) for acquiring input data; an encoding object data generating section (F10) for generating encoding object data on the basis of the input data; a storage section (M10) for storing data corresponding to the encoding object data; a mod2 adder (S10) for performing convolution processing of the encoding object data on the basis of the data stored in the storage section (M10); and a switching section (F12) for switching at a prescribed timing the encoding object data generated by the encoding object data generating section (F10) from data based on the input data to data based on the data stored in the storage section (M10); wherein the data stored in the storage section (M10) are data obtained as a result of the convolution processing.

Abstract: A polymer, a process for producing the same, and the use thereof. The polymer comprises structural units derived from an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer and structural units derived from another vinyl monomer, the polymer having (1) an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or higher, (2) when analyzed with a differential scanning calorimeter, a differential curve having at least one peak top in each of the range of from -80 to 20.degree. C. and the range of from 20 to 120.degree. C., and (3) a parallel-ray transmittance of 80% or higher.