Abstract: A method of selectively modifying a structure including preparing a structure including a nano-sized through-pore, filling the nano-sized through-pore with a surfactant, removing a portion of the surfactant from both ends of the nano-sized through-pore to expose a portion of an internal surface of the nano-sized through-pore, modifying the exposed internal surface of the nano-sized through-pore with a first compound, removing the surfactant from the nano-sized through-pore having the internal surface modified with the first compound to expose an internal surface that remains unmodified with the first compound, and modifying with a second compound the exposed internal surface without being modified with the first compound, the second compound being different from the first compound.

Abstract: An organic/inorganic composite compound for fouling resistance may include a core and at least an arm. The core may be formed of a polyhedron of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. At least one arm may be connected to a Si atom of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The arm may include a vinyl-based first structural unit including at least one ethylene oxide group at the side chain, and a hydrophobic vinyl-based second structural unit.

Abstract: A semi-permeable film includes a nanoporous material and a polymer matrix. The nanoporous material includes a nanoporous core and a coating layer that is disposed on a surface of the nanoporous core. The coating layer may include a particle selected from a metal hydroxide particle, a metal oxide particle, and a combination thereof. A separation membrane may include the semi-permeable film. Example embodiments also relate to a method of manufacturing the semi-permeable film and the separation membrane.

Abstract: A method of selectively modifying a structure including preparing a structure including a nano-sized through-pore, filling the nano-sized through-pore with a surfactant, removing a portion of the surfactant from both ends of the nano-sized through-pore to expose a portion of an internal surface of the nano-sized through-pore, modifying the exposed internal surface of the nano-sized through-pore with a first compound, removing the surfactant from the nano-sized through-pore having the internal surface modified with the first compound to expose an internal surface that remains unmodified with the first compound, and modifying with a second compound the exposed internal surface without being modified with the first compound, the second compound being different from the first compound.

Abstract: An organic/inorganic composite compound for fouling resistance may include a core and at least an arm. The core may be formed of a polyhedron of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. At least one arm may be connected to a Si atom of the polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. The arm may include a vinyl-based first structural unit including at least one ethylene oxide group at the side chain, and a hydrophobic vinyl-based second structural unit.

Abstract: Provided is a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of liver cancer, including a layered metal hydroxide-retinoic acid (LMH-RA) hybrid as a novel drug delivery system which shows few side effects of retinoic acid, good drug stability, sustained drug release, and improved drug delivery efficiency.