Abstract: Sheet batteries are connected in series, layered and sandwiched between an upper substrate and a lower substrate, and the sheet batteries, the upper substrate and the lower substrate form a layered substrate with the batteries. Holes for wires of ICs are formed in the layered substrate. Applied voltages are determined according to batteries to which the holes are formed. The voltages of the sheet batteries may be uniform, or different.

Abstract: In a video camera, black level correction is turned off in a backlight correction condition or when an AGC gain is high, video signals are converted to digital signals by an A/D converter, the digital video signals are compared with a reference value by a data comparator, and a number of times that the comparison is less than the reference value is counted by an integrator. The reference value, where the counted number of times is the predetermined number of times or more, is determined by a microcomputer, a black level correction value according to the determined reference value is set, and clamp circuits are provided with the black level correction value to correct the black level, thereby preventing a bad influence due to black level correction during exposure correction or when the AGC gain is high, and making black level correction by digital processing.

Abstract: A video camera for photographing papers which is used in a video apparatus for office automation such as an electronic image input apparatus. The video camera includes an image pickup part for picking up the images of papers and a signal processing part for converting a video signal obtained from the image pickup part into a given format. The signal processing part includes a .gamma. correction circuit for correcting the .gamma. value of the video signal obtained from the image pickup part. The .gamma. correction circuit has at least two discrete .gamma. correction values so that a proper .gamma. correction value can be selected according to the objects to be photographted. For example, when the objects to be photographted are black and white papers, a value of 0.45 or greater is selected for the .gamma. correction value. By selecting the .gamma.

Abstract: In an arrangement wherein vertical contour enhancement is performed by subtracting a video signal between horizontal scanning lines and applying a white- or black-level signal before or after the contour (edge portion) of an image based on the result of the subtraction operation, the application of the black-level signal is selectively suppressed to diminish unattractive black borders. In another embodiment, application of the black-level signal to portions having a strong red-signal component is selectively suppressed, thereby diminishing unattractive black borders which appear at red portions of a display image. In still another embodiment, application of the black-level signal to portions where the level of an R-Y signal is high is selectively suppressed, thereby diminishing unattractive black borders which appear at red portions of a display image.