Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescent device that has a long device lifetime and is stable. The organic electroluminescent device has a light emitting layer containing first to third compounds satisfying the following formulae. ES1 is a lowest excited singlet energy and EHOMO(n) is a HOMO energy. ES1(1)>ES1(2)>ES1(3) 0 eV<EHOMO(3)-EHOMO(2)<0.

Abstract: A high-efficiency near-infrared emitting organic EL device may be provided, using a compound represented by the following general formula. At least one of R1 to R4 is *-Ar-D, or R1 and R2, R2 and R3, or R3 and R4 bond to each other to form an aromatic ring having D. D represents a donor group, and Ar represents an arylene group.

Abstract: Luminescent particles with a maximum diameter of less than 100 ?m are produced by stirring an emulsion material, including a host material, an organic luminescent material containing no heavy metal element, a surfactant and water, under conditions that melt the host material, thereby forming an emulsion, and then cooling the emulsion. This method can provide luminescent particles which are highly safe and which exhibit high luminous efficiency in water.

Abstract: A compound having two or more donor groups differing in the structure and a linking group that links these donor groups, wherein the linking group is an aromatic group composed of one or more benzene rings optionally substituted with an alkyl group or a halogeno group, has good light-emitting characteristics.

Abstract: A compound having a structure, represented by the following general formula is useful as a light emitting material. At least one of R1 to R9 is a substituent; Y1 to Y3 each are a methylene group, a carbonyl group, a thiocarbonyl group, an imino group, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a sulfonyl group; Z is a nitrogen atom, a boron atom or a phosphine oxide group.

Abstract: There is provided a method of detecting potentially beer-spoiling obligatory anaerobic gram-negative bacteria, and a method of simultaneously detecting and distinguishing different beer-spoilage microorganisms including such bacteria.

Abstract: The method of differentiating beer yeast of the invention is a method which comprises a first step of synthesizing a primer capable of amplifying the linker portion between a base sequence (A) and a base sequence (B) in a novel gene (C) which has the base sequence (B) comprising a portion of yeast chromosome IX linked downstream from the base sequence (A) comprising a portion of the N-terminal end of yeast gene Lg-FLO1, and which includes the base sequences listed as SEQ. ID. Nos. 1-6 of the Sequence Listing; a second step of carrying out a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the primer synthesized in the first step and DNA separated from a yeast specimen; and a third step of differentiating whether the yeast is bottom-fermenting yeast or wild yeast, based on the PCR amplification product obtained from the second step.

Abstract: There are provided a method of detecting potentially beer-spoiling lactic acid bacteria, and a method of simultaneously detecting and distinguishing different lactic acid bacteria including such bacteria.

Abstract: Primers specific for an Alicyclobacillus spp. are used to amplify specific regions of 16S rDNA gene of the Alicyclobacillus spp., and the presence or absence of the amplified product is confirmed to detect the Alicyclobacillus spp. (especially Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris).

Abstract: The method of differentiating beer yeast of the invention is a method which comprises a first step of synthesizing a primer capable of amplifying the linker portion between a base sequence (A) and a base sequence (B) in a novel gene (C) which has the base sequence (B) comprising a portion of yeast chromosome IX linked downstream from the base sequence (A) comprising a portion of the N-terminal end of yeast gene Lg-FLO1, and which includes the base sequences listed as SEQ. ID. Nos. 1-6 of the Sequence Listing; a second step of carrying out a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using the primer synthesized in the first step and DNA separated from a yeast specimen; and a third step of differentiating whether the yeast is bottom-fermenting yeast or wild yeast, based on the PCR amplification product obtained from the second step.

Abstract: Micro-pits or micro-pit strings, which are disabled precise copying by means of illegal copying described above and enable signals different from signals of a normal disc to be detected in case of failure in precise copying, are recorded in a copy protected area of an optical disc beforehand. A read unit checks the copy protected area and determines a loaded disc is legal disc or illegally copied disc. If illegal, reading is prohibitted.

Abstract: Antibodies capable of detecting a beer spoilage lactic acid bacterium. Lactic acid bacteria possessing beer spoilage ability are grown in beer, a mammal is immunized to produce antibodies for the detection of beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria, and the beer spoilage lactic acid bacteria are detected using the antibodies. Further, by employing the antibodies, there are provided a method and a kit for detecting a beer spoilage lactic acid bacterium specifically, rapidly, conveniently, and reproducibly, which bacterium contaminates the process of beer production, grows in the produced beer, and lowers the quality of the beer.

Abstract: An illegal disc copying protection system which includes an optical disc with recorded information as a series of pits aligned to a track direction from the optical disc, a recording system which records information as a series of pits aligned to the track direction from the optical disc, and a reading system which reads information being recorded as a series of pits aligned to the track direction from the optical disc.

Abstract: Micro-pits or micro-pit strings, which are disabled precise copying by means of illegal copying described above and enable signals different from signals of a normal disc to be detected in case of failure in precise copying, are recorded in a copy protected area of an optical disc beforehand. A read unit checks the copy protected area and determines a loaded disc is legal disc or illegally copied disc. If illegal, reading is prohibitted.

Abstract: The variety of barley or malt is quickly and conveniently classified by amplifying the genomic DNA by PCR with the primer consisting of the sequence complementary to the gene that is important for brewing and examining the difference in the base sequence of said DNA.