Abstract: Graphite particles having a bent laminate structure inside each particle are produced by feeding, into an impact grinder, graphite particles having an average particle diameter of 5 mm or less together with a gas current to apply an impact to the graphite particles to form, by a compression force, a bent laminate structure inside each graphite particle. The resulting graphite particles have an average particle diameter of 100 ?m or less, are low in anisotropy, have a nearly spherical shape, and are highly crystalline.

Abstract: An anode material for lithium secondary battery, which comprises graphite particles and a crystalline carbon coating layer formed thereon, wherein each graphite particle has a bent laminate structure inside, is produced by grinding a graphite of 5 mm or less in average particle diameter using an impact grinder to produce graphite particles of 100 ?m or less in average particle diameter having a bent laminate structure inside each particle and then subjecting the graphite particles to chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed type reaction furnace to form a crystalline carbon coating layer on the graphite particles.

Abstract: The present invention can provide particles for electro-rheological fluid for providing a high electro-rheological effect over a wide temperature range at low electric power consumption, and having high strength and excellent durability, not being susceptible to break-up due to the load of stress. Particles for an electro-rheological fluid of the present invention comprise spherical carbonaceous particles, obtained substantially from a solvent and a condensation product of a methylene type bond of aromatic sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a composite material for anode of lithium secondary battery, comprising: a porous particle nucleus formed by bonding of at least silicon-containing particles and carbon-containing particles, and a carbon-made covering layer formed thereon; and a process for producing such a composite material. The composite material has an average particle diameter of preferably 0.1 to 50 &mgr;m and a specific surface area of preferably 5 m2/g or less. In the composite material, the silicon content in the porous particle nucleus is 10 to 90% by mass.

Abstract: An anode material for lithium secondary battery, which comprises graphite particles and a crystalline carbon coating layer formed thereon, wherein each graphite particle has a bent laminate structure inside, is produced by grinding a graphite of 5 mm or less in average particle diameter using an impact grinder to produce graphite particles of 100 &mgr;m or less in average particle diameter having a bent laminate structure inside each particle and then subjecting the graphite particles to chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed type reaction furnace to form a crystalline carbon coating layer on the graphite particles.

Abstract: Graphite particles having a bent laminate structure inside each particle are produced by feeding, into an impact grinder, graphite particles having an average particle diameter of 5 mm or less together with a gas current to apply an impact to the graphite particles to form, by a compression force, a bent laminate structure inside each graphite particle. The resulting graphite particles have an average particle diameter of 100 &mgr;m or less, are low in anisotropy, have a nearly spherical shape, and are highly crystalline.

Abstract: The present invention can provide particles for electro-rheological fluid for providing a high electro-rheological effect over a wide temperature range at low electric power consumption, and having high strength and excellent durability, not being susceptible to break-up due to the load of stress. Particles for an electro-rheological fluid of the present invention comprise spherical carbonaceous particles, obtained substantially from a solvent and a condensation product of a methylene type bond of aromatic sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there are disclosed: a process for producing an anode material for lithium secondary battery, comprising graphite particles and a crystalline carbon layer covering the whole surfaces of the graphite particles, wherein the whole surfaces of the graphite particles are covered with a carbon layer in a state that the surfaces of the graphite particles and the carbon 002 plane of the carbon layer are parallel, which process comprises subjecting graphite particles to a treatment for chemical vapor deposition in a fluidized bed type reactor at 900 to 1,200° C., using a mixed gas consisting of an organic substance gas and an inert gas, the molar concentration of the organic substance gas in the mixed gas being 2 to 50%; and an anode material for lithium secondary battery, produced by the above process.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a composite material for anode of lithium secondary battery, comprising:

Abstract: The present invention discloses an anode material for lithium secondary battery, comprising a particulate core composed of a metal or semimetal capable of forming a lithium alloy and a carbon layer covering the surface of the particulate core; a lithium secondary battery using said anode material; and a method for discharging of said secondary battery.