Abstract: A moving picture decoding apparatus for decoding a current block of a picture is provided. A motion vector candidate list includes motion vector candidates. Each motion vector candidate includes a value. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the value of the first candidate and the value of the second candidate. An index identifying a motion vector candidate from the motion vector candidate list is decoded, and the current block is generated using the identified motion vector candidate. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate, and the value is based on a number of times the candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: writing, into a sequence parameter set, buffer description defining information for defining a plurality of buffer descriptions; writing, into the sequence parameter set, reference list description defining information for defining a plurality of reference list descriptions corresponding to the buffer descriptions; and writing, into a first header of each processing unit which is included in a coded bitstream, buffer description selecting information for specifying a selected buffer description.

Abstract: A decoding method and apparatus are provided. A first candidate having a first motion vector that has been used to decode a first block, a first prediction direction that corresponds to the first motion vector, and a first reference picture index that identifies a first reference picture is derived. A second candidate having a second motion vector that has been used to decode a second block, a second prediction direction that corresponds to the second motion vector, and a second reference picture index that identifies a second reference picture is derived. When a total number of candidates is less than a maximum number, a third candidate is derived by combining the first motion vector and the first reference picture index for the first prediction direction of the first candidate and the second motion vector and the second reference picture index for the second prediction direction of the second candidate.

Abstract: A moving picture coding includes: coding a first flag indicating whether or not temporal motion vector prediction is used; when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is used: coding a first parameter for calculating the temporal predictive motion vector; wherein when the first flag indicates that the temporal motion vector prediction is not used, the first parameter is not coded.

Abstract: A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

Abstract: An image decoding method includes: dividing a current block into sub-blocks; deriving, for each sub-block, one or more prediction information candidates; obtaining an index; and decoding the current block using the prediction information candidate selected by the index.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: performing context arithmetic coding to consecutively code (i) first information indicating whether or not to perform sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing for a first region of an image and (ii) second information indicating whether or not to use, in the SAO processing for the first region, information on SAO processing for a region other than the first region, the context arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a variable probability, the SAO processing being offset processing on a pixel value; and performing bypass arithmetic coding to code other information which is information on the SAO processing for the first region and different from the first information or the second information, after the first information and the second information are coded, the bypass arithmetic coding being arithmetic coding using a fixed probability.

Abstract: By the moving picture coding method and the moving picture decoding method, it is possible to improve coding efficiency. The moving picture coding apparatus includes a merge block candidate calculation unit that (i) specifies merge block candidates at merge mode, by using colpic information such as motion vectors and reference picture index values of neighbor blocks of a current block to be coded and a motion vector and the like of a collocated block of the current block which are stored in a colPic memory, and (ii) generates a combined merge block by using the merge block candidates.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus for coding a current block is provided. A first candidate is derived from a first motion vector that has been used to code a first block, and it is determined whether a total number of candidates including the first candidate is less than a maximum candidate number. A second candidate having a second motion vector is derived when the total number of the candidates is less than the maximum candidate number, with the second motion vector including a zero vector. A candidate is selected from a plurality of candidates including the first candidate and the second candidate, and the current block is decoded using the selected candidate.

Abstract: With an image coding method which allows reduction of processing loads, when pictures included in a video signal are classified into layers so as to belong to their respective layers, a picture that belongs to the second layer that is located in a range restricted according to the first layer to which a current picture to be coded that is one of the pictures belongs, is referred to as a reference picture for the current picture, and the current picture is coded based on the reference picture.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes: an inter prediction control unit which determines to code a motion vector using, among candidate predicted motion vectors, a candidate predicted motion vector having the least error with relative to a motion vector derived by motion estimation; a picture type determination unit which generates picture type information; a temporal direction vector calculation unit which derives a candidate predicted motion vector in temporal direct; and a co-located reference direction determination unit which generates, for each picture, a co-located reference direction flag.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector of a current block from a co-located motion vector; adding the candidate to a list; selecting the motion vector of the current block from the list; and coding the current block, wherein the deriving includes: deriving the candidate by a first derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of a current reference picture and a co-located reference picture is a long-term reference picture; and deriving the candidate by a second derivation scheme in the case of determining that each of the current reference picture and the co-located reference picture is a short-term reference picture.

Abstract: A method of performing motion vector prediction for a current block in a picture is provided which includes: deriving a candidate for a motion vector predictor to code a current motion vector of the current block, from a first motion vector of a first block that is spatially adjacent or temporally adjacent to the current block; adding the derived candidate to a list of candidates; and deriving at least one motion vector predictor based on a selected candidate from the list of candidates, wherein the deriving of the candidate includes determining whether to derive the candidate from the first motion vector, based on a type of a current reference picture and a type of a first reference picture, the current reference picture being referred to from the current block using the current motion vector, the first reference picture being referred to from the first block using the first motion vector.

Abstract: A moving picture coding method includes: coding a coding target block using a motion vector; generating motion vector predictors; and coding the motion vector using one of the motion vector predictors generated in the generating of the motion vector predictors. In the generating of the motion vector predictors, a replacement vector which replaces a temporal motion vector predictor is added to the motion vector predictors when it is impossible to obtain the temporal motion vector predictor from a block which is included in a coded picture different from the coding target picture and corresponds to the coding target block.

Abstract: A transmitting method for transmitting a bitstream to a terminal is provided. The bit stream is generated by coding a current block of a picture and has an index for identifying a motion vector candidate from a motion vector candidate list. The motion vector candidate list is generated and includes motion vector candidates and a value for each motion vector candidate. A second candidate is arranged before a first candidate in the motion vector candidate list. The first candidate is sorted before the second candidate in the motion vector candidate list based on the values of the first and second candidates. The value of the first candidate is higher than the value of the second candidate. For each motion vector candidate, the value is based on a number of times the motion vector candidate is selected as a motion vector predictor for neighboring blocks.

Abstract: An image coding method includes: generating a first flag indicating whether or not a motion vector predictor is to be selected from among one or more motion vector predictor candidates; generating a second flag indicating whether or not a motion vector predictor is to be selected from among the one or more motion vector predictor candidates in coding a current block to be coded in a predetermined coding mode, when the first flag indicates that a motion vector predictor is to be selected; and generating a coded signal in which the first flag and the second flag are included in header information, when the first flag indicates that a motion vector predictor is to be selected.

Abstract: A method of encoding video including: writing a plurality of predetermined buffer descriptions into a sequence parameter set of a coded video bitstream; writing a plurality of updating parameters into a slice header of the coded video bitstream for selecting and modifying one buffer description out of the plurality of buffer descriptions; and encoding a slice into the coded video bitstream using the slice header and the modified buffer description.

Abstract: A video encoding method using a plurality of reference pictures includes: selecting whether or not a resilient picture referencing scheme is to be used for encoding video; writing a parameter indicating the selection into a header of an encoded video bitstream; and encoding a picture using inter-picture prediction using a result of the selection.

Abstract: The image decoding method includes: determining a context for use in a current block to be processed, from among a plurality of contexts; and performing arithmetic decoding on a bit sequence corresponding to the current block, using the determined context, wherein in the determining: the context is determined under a condition that control parameters of neighboring blocks of the current block are used, when the signal type is a first type, the neighboring blocks being a left block and an upper block of the current block; and the context is determined under a condition that the control parameter of the upper block is not used, when the signal type is a second type.