Abstract: A system and method for performing optical inspection of structures on the surface of a semiconductor wafer. The wafer surface is illuminated with a polychromatic light source. A multiple-charged couple-device (CCD) camera is positioned to capture light diffracted by the structures on the wafer surface at the first order of diffraction. The captured light is then separated into a plurality of component wavelengths which are directed onto the CCDs. A digital filter creates a plurality of digitized diffractive images of the wafer surface at different component wavelengths. The diffractive images may be integrated and analyzed to detect defects in the structures, or may be analyzed individually. An image at a particular wavelength may be selected and analyzed by using the known grating pitch of the structures to calculate the wavelength.

Abstract: Hybrid agents for enhancing in vivo diagnostic imaging of body organs and tissues, and methods of preparing and using the same.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for enhancing .sup.19 F magnetic resonance imaging which utilize trifluoromethyl derivatives of iodinated X-ray contrast media. Typical magnetic resonance contrast media within the scope of the present invention include bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, and other related trifluoromethylated benzene derivatives.

Abstract: The use of a minimal excess of acetoxyacetylchloride as a reagent in the synthesis of N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)glycolamido-2,4,6-triio doisophthalamide.

Abstract: The compound N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycolamido]-N'-methyl-2,4,6 -triiodoisophthalamide and similar such compounds may be used as x-ray contrast agents which are water-soluble, safe and in an aqueous solution are non-viscous. Methods of preparing N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycolamido]-N'-methyl-2,4,6 -triiodoisophthalamide and the analogous compounds are provided.

Abstract: Hybrid agents for enhancing in vivo diagnostic imaging of body organs and tissues, and methods of preparing and using the same.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for enhancing .sup.19 F magnetic resonance imaging which utilize trifluorometyl derivatives of iodinated X-ray contrast media. Typical magnetic resonance contrast media within the scope of the present invention include bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tris(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, tetrakis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivatives, and other related trifluoromethylated benzene derivatives.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are disclosed for enhancing magnetic resonance imaging which utilize hydrophilic free radical compounds as magnetic resonance contrast media. Typical magnetic resonance contrast media within the scope of the present invention include stable hydrophilic free radicals having a hydrophilic moiety, such as polyhydroxyalkyl groups and heterocyclic amino-alcohols such as dihydroxypyrrolidine, dihydroxypiperidine, and trihydroxypiperidine, and a stable free radical moiety, such as a nitroxide, phenoxy, or phenoxazinyl free radical moiety.

Abstract: The use of azeotropic distillation to dry 5-amino-N,N'bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalamide, an intermediate in the production of N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycolamido-2,4,6-triiod oisophthalamide.

Abstract: The use of reverse osmosis as an alternative or substitute method for the purification of a crude diagnostic agent. X-ray contrast agent, magnetic resonance imaging agent, or radiopharmaceuticals are purified by passing through a cross-linked reverse osmosis membrane.

Abstract: An improved process for the reversed phase chromatographic decolorization, separation, and purification of water-soluble, nonionic contrast media compounds from solutions containing nonionic compound impurities involves the steps of (a) packing a chromatographic column with a chromatographic packing material; (b) passing through the column a solution containing a water-soluble, nonionic contrast media compound and nonionic compounds as impurities at a loading ratio between approximately 10 to 1 and 1.5 to 1 wt. packing material/total wt. nonionic compounds; and (c) eluting the column to produce an eluate containing substantially pure, water-soluble, nonionic contrast media compound or MRI agent. The process can be economically practiced on a factory scale and efficiently removes non-polar impurities difficult to remove by conventional methods.

Abstract: Triiodinated isophthalamide derivatives, useful as X-ray contrast agents, having at least one amide group derived from the amino-alcohol, 3-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,2-propanediol, which provides high water solubility and low mammalian toxicity, and methods of preparing them. Methods of preparing 3-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,2-propanediol are provided.

Abstract: The use of chloroacetylchloride as an alternative or substitute reagent for acetoxychloride in the synthesis of N,N'- bis (2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycolamido-2,4,6-triiodoisophth alamide.

Abstract: The use of reverse osmosis as an alternative or substitute method for the purification of a crude diagnostic agent. In the purification process a crude Ioversol solution is contacted with a cross-linked membrane under pressure, forcing the low molecular weight impurities within the crude Ioversol solution through the membrane pores and retaining Ioversol molecules.

Abstract: Triiodinated isophthalamide derivatives, useful as X-ray contrast agents, having at least one amide group derived from the amino-alcohol, 3-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,2-propanediol, which provides high water solubility and low mammalian toxicity, and methods of preparing them. Methods of preparing 3-(N-2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,2-propanediol are provided.

Abstract: The compound N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-glycolamido]-N'-methyl-2,4,6 -triiodoisophthalamide and similar such compounds may be used as x-ray contrast agents which are water-soluble, safe and in an aqueous solution are non-viscous. Methods of preparing N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-[N-(2-hdyroxyethyl)glycolamido]-N'-methyl-2,4,6- triiodoisophthalamide are provided.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be the sam e or different and are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl and hydroxy lower alkyl groups containing between 1 and 6 carbon atoms. Complexes of iron(II), iron(III), manganese(II), manganese(III), gadolinium(III), chromium(III), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) and such compounds are useful for enhancing magnetic resonance images of body organs and tissues. Illustrative complexes include (N,N"-bis[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) carbamoylmethyl]diethylenetriamine-N,N',N"-triaceto)-iron(III), (N,N"-bis[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)carbamoylmethyl]diethylenetriamine-N,N',N "-triaceto)manganese(II), (N,N"-bis[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) )carbamoylmethyl]diethylenetriamine-N,N',N"-triaceto)gadolinium(III) and (N,N'-bis[N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-carbamoylmethyl]ethylenediamine-N,N'-dia ceto)manganese(II).

Abstract: Novel X-ray contrast agents, i.e., N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycolamido-2,4,6-triiod oisophthalamide.

Abstract: Novel x-ray contrast agents, i.e., N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-3,5-bis-(2-keto-L-gulonamido)benzamide and intermediates.

Abstract: Novel X-ray contrast agents, i.e., N,N'-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-(2-keto-L-gulonamido)isopht halamide, and intermediates.