Abstract: Organic electrolyte solutions and lithium batteries using the same are provided. The organic electrolyte solutions use a silane compound that prevents crack formation caused by volumetric changes in the anode active material during battery charging/discharging. This improves charge/discharge characteristics, thereby also improving stability, reliability, and charge/discharge efficiency of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a refrigerator and a defrost control method thereof that are capable of sensing an amount of frost formed on an evaporator based on a change amount of absolute humidity in the refrigerator to control a defrost operation. A defrost control method of a refrigerator including a storage chamber and an evaporator to cool the storage chamber, includes sensing absolute humidity in the storage chamber, determining an estimated amount of frost formed on the evaporator using time segments in which the absolute humidity in the storage chamber decreases, and controlling a defrost operation based on the estimated amount of frost. According to the present embodiments, it is possible to perform the defrost operation at the point of time for optimum defrost, thereby maximizing energy efficiency and cooling efficiency.

Abstract: An economical method of preparing a large-sized graphene sheet having a desired thickness includes forming a film, the film comprising a graphitizing catalyst; heat-treating a gaseous carbon source in the presence of the graphitizing catalyst to form graphene; and cooling the graphene to form a graphene sheet. A graphene sheet prepared according to the disclosed method is also described.

Abstract: Abnormal conditions within an RF-powered plasma process chamber are detected by detecting whether the frequency of a variable-frequency RF power supply moves outside established lower and upper limits. In a first aspect, a first pair of lower and upper limits are established as a function of the frequency of the power supply sampled after a new process step begins or after a sample control signal changes state. In a second aspect, a second pair of lower and upper limits are not adapted to the frequency of the power supply. Both aspects preferably are used together to detect different occurrences of abnormal conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a water pump control apparatus of a hybrid vehicle and a control method thereof. An exemplary apparatus according to the present invention includes a thermostat determining a circulation path of the coolant, a coolant temperature sensor, a motorized water pump configured to pump a coolant, and a control portion for controlling the motorized water pump to circulate the coolant, if the hybrid vehicle enters into an EV mode or an idle engine stop mode if the coolant temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature. An exemplary method of the present invention includes the steps of suspending operation of the motorized water pump if the coolant temperature is less than a predetermined value until a cooling fan is operated, and controlling a driving speed of the motorized water pump according to a load of the cooling fan in operation.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include: a tunnel insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate; a charge storage layer on the tunnel insulating layer; a blocking insulating layer on the charge storage layer; and a control gate electrode on the blocking insulating layer. The tunnel insulating layer may include a first tunnel insulating layer and a second tunnel insulating layer. The first tunnel insulating layer and the second tunnel insulating layer may be sequentially stacked on the semiconductor substrate. The second tunnel insulating layer may have a larger band gap than the first tunnel insulating layer. A method for fabricating a nonvolatile memory device may include: forming a tunnel insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate; forming a charge storage layer on the tunnel insulating layer; forming a blocking insulating layer on the charge storage layer; and forming a control gate electrode on the blocking insulating layer.

Abstract: A stacked semiconductor device that is reliable by forming an insulating layer on a lower memory layer and by forming a single crystalline semiconductor in portions of the insulating layer. A method of manufacturing the stacked semiconductor device, including: providing a lower memory layer including a plurality of lower memory structures; forming an insulating layer on the lower memory layer; forming trenches by removing portions of the insulating layer; forming a preparatory semiconductor layer for filling the trenches; and forming a single crystalline semiconductor layer by phase-changing the preparatory semiconductor layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a package-on-package. An encapsulation is formed to cover a wafer using a wafer level molding process. The wafer includes a plurality of semiconductor chips and a plurality of through silicon vias (TSVs) passing through the semiconductor chips. The encapsulant may have openings aligned with the TSVs. The encapsulant and the semiconductor chips are divided to form a plurality of semiconductor packages. Another semiconductor package is stacked on one selected from the semiconductor packages. The other semiconductor package is electrically connected to the TSVs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lighting device. The lighting device includes: a light emitting module including a substrate and a light emitting diode disposed on the substrate; a member being disposed on the light emitting module and including a hole into which the light emitting diode is inserted and a projection that reflects light from the light emitting diode; a cover surrounding the light emitting module and the member; and a heat sink including a top surface thereof disposed under the light emitting module and radiating heat from a plurality of the light emitting devices.

Abstract: In methods of manufacturing a recessed channel array transistor, a recess may be formed in an active region of a substrate. A plasma oxidation process may be performed on the substrate to form a preliminary gate oxide layer on an inner surface of the recess and an upper surface of the substrate. Moistures may be absorbed in a surface of the preliminary gate oxide layer to form a gate oxide layer. A gate electrode may be formed on the gate oxide layer to fill up the recess. Source/drain regions may be formed in an upper surface of the substrate at both sides of the gate electrode. Thus, the oxide layer may have a uniform thickness distribution and a dense structure.

Abstract: A dispersant for a carbon nanotube and a composition comprising the same are provided, wherein the dispersant is comprised of a structure including a head part composed of an electron-rich atom and an aromatic ring having a high affinity for the carbon nanotube and a tail part having an affinity for a dispersion medium, and thus exhibits excellent stabilizing and dispersing effects of the carbon nanotube in a variety of dispersion media including organic solvents, water or mixtures thereof. Use of the dispersant in accordance with the present invention enables convenient preparation of carbon nanotube compositions necessary for a variety of industrial fields such as emitters of field emission displays (FEDs), carbon nanotube inks, printable carbon nanotubes and the like.

Abstract: An asymmetrically grounded susceptor used in a plasma processing chamber for chemical vapor deposition onto large rectangular panels supported on and grounded by the susceptor. A plurality of grounding straps are connected between the periphery of the susceptor to the grounded vacuum chamber to shorten the grounding paths for RF electrons. Flexible straps allow the susceptor to vertically move. The straps provide a conductance to ground which is asymmetric around the periphery. The straps may be evenly spaced but have different thicknesses or different shapes or be removed from available grounding point and hence provide different RF conductances. The asymmetry is selected to improve the deposition uniformity and other qualities of the PECVD deposited film.

Abstract: A thin film transistor array panel including an oxide semiconductor layer realizing excellent stability and electrical characteristics and an easy method of manufacturing the same are provided. A thin film transistor array panel includes: a substrate; an oxide semiconductor layer disposed on the substrate and including a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, tin oxide, and hafnium oxide; a gate electrode overlapping the oxide semiconductor layer; a gate insulating film disposed between the oxide semiconductor layer and the gate electrode; and a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed to at least partially overlap the oxide semiconductor layer and separated from each other.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a light sensor circuit for a flat panel display which improves resolution at low luminance and increases the range of sensible ambient light by divisionally driving a frame period, in which light is sensed, into a plurality of sub-frames, and a method of driving the light sensor circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an image display device having a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), which can maintain a primary color which is desired to be expressed, and prevent an interference of other unwanted colors and a change of the primary color at the time of application of a light source of each light emitting diode. The image display device comprises: a first optical filter layer containing a violet wavelength-absorbing material having a wavelength range of from 380 nm to 450 nm such as Bi2O3 so as to prevent light having a wavelength ranging from 380 nm to 450 nm from being leaked out to an undesired region of an image display portion of the image display device; and a second optical filter layer such as a blue color filter layer so as to allow a white light to be expressed in a desired region of the image display portion.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte solution and a lithium battery using the same are provided. The organic electrolyte solution uses a monomer compound which can be electrografted, and which prevents crack formation caused by volumetric changes in the anode active material during battery charging/discharging. This improves charge/discharge characteristics, thereby improving the stability, reliability, and charge/discharge efficiency of the battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sustained release composition of a protein drug. The composition comprises a carrier substrate and a protein drug incorporated in the carrier substrate. The carrier substrate is consisting essentially of a hyaluronic acid or its salts, an amino acid, and a polyalkyl oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for testing an LED lamp which includes: a secured seat on which the LED lamp is seated; an up and down shifter which, when the LED lamp is seated on the secured seat, shifts from an initial position spaced upward from the LED lamp to a measurement position in which the up and down shifter contacts with a socket of the LED lamp, and which supplies electric power to the LED lamp when the up and down shifter is placed in the measurement position, and a sensor sensing that the up and down shifter is placed in the measurement position; and a quality determining means determining a quality of the LED lamp based on light emitted from the LED lamp, and comprising an illuminometer or a luminance meter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating a test apparatus for an LED lamp. The method includes: forming a self-holding circuit by switching on a first switching means such that an up and down shifter provided in the test apparatus for the LED lamp moves down; moving down and stopping the up and down shifter from a determined initial position to a measurement position; measuring the quality of the LED lamp equipped with the test apparatus for the LED lamp; releasing the self-holding circuit by switching on the second switching means such that the up and down shifter moves up; and moving up and down shifter from the measurement position to the determined initial position.