Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating thin-film transistors (TFTs) for an LCD having an array of pixels. The method includes depositing a first photoresist layer over a portion of a TFT stack. The TFT stack includes a conductive gate layer, and a semiconductor layer. The method also includes doping the exposed semiconductor layer with a first doping dose. The method further includes etching a portion of the conductive gate layer to expose a portion of the semiconductor layer, and doping the exposed portion of the semiconductor layer with a second doping dose. The method also includes removing the first photoresist layer, and depositing a second photoresist layer over a first portion of the doped semiconductor layer in an active area of the pixels to expose a second portion of the doped semiconductor layer in an area surrounding the active area.

Abstract: A power supply includes a rectifier for rectifying an AC line voltage to generate a link voltage, a link capacitor for charging the link voltage, a control switch for controlling charge of the link capacitor, a converter for converting the link voltage to a DC voltage, and a switch controller. When the converter operates in a standby operation mode, the switch controller controls on-off of the control switch through a pulse signal having an on-time determined based on a peak value of a detected AC line voltage.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a flexible display. The display may have portions that are bent along a bend axis. The display may have display circuitry such as an array of display pixels in an active area and signal lines, thin-film transistor support circuitry and other display circuitry in an inactive area of the display surrounding the active area. The display circuitry may be formed on a substrate such as a flexible polymer substrate. The flexible polymer substrate may be formed by depositing polymer on a support structure that has raised portions. The raised portions may create locally thinned regions in the flexible polymer substrate. The reduced thickness of the flexible polymer substrate in the thinned regions may help ensure that a neutral stress plane that is associated with bending the display along the bend axis is aligned with the display circuitry, thereby minimizing stress in the display circuitry.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with an organic light-emitting diode display with minimized border regions. The border regions may be minimized by providing conductive structures that pass through polymer layers of the display and/or conductive structures that wrap around an edge of the display and couple conductive traces on the display to conductive traces on additional circuitry that is mounted behind the display.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having an array of display pixels on a substrate. The display pixels may be organic light-emitting diode display pixels or display pixels in a liquid crystal display. In an organic light-emitting diode display, hybrid thin-film transistor structures may be formed that include semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors, silicon thin-film transistors, and capacitor structures. The capacitor structures may overlap the semiconducting oxide thin-film transistors. The silicon transistors may be configured in a top gate arrangement. The oxide transistors may be configured in a top gate or a bottom gate arrangement. In one embodiment, source-drain contacts for the silicon and oxide transistors may be formed simultaneously. In another embodiment, the silicon and oxide thin-film transistor structures may be formed using at least three metal routing layers.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have an organic light-emitting diode with an anode and cathode. The anodes may be formed from a patterned layer of metal. Thin-film transistor circuitry in the pixels may include transistors such as drive transistors and switching transistors. Data lines may supply data signals to the pixels and horizontal control lines may supply control signals to the gates of the transistors. A switching transistor may be coupled between a voltage initialization line and each anode. The voltage initialization lines and capacitor structures in the thin-film transistor circuitry may be formed using a layer of metal that is different than the layer of metal that forms the anodes.

Abstract: A display that contains a column spacer arrangement which takes advantage of a protrusion on a TFT substrate is provided. One set of column spacers is disposed on top of the protrusion, while a second set of column spacers of substantially the same height as the first set of column spacers are disposed throughout the display. In this way, the display is adequately protected against deformation from external forces while at the same maintaining enough room to allow for a liquid crystal to spread out during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A display may have thin-film transistor (TFT) circuitry on a substrate. An array of organic light-emitting diodes may be formed on the thin-film transistor circuitry. The display may include inorganic brittle layers and organic and metal layers that are ductile and mechanically robust. To help prevent propagation of cracks and other defects along the edge of the display, the display may be provided with crack stop structures and crack detection circuitry. The crack detection circuitry may include one or more loops that are formed along the periphery of the display. The crack stop structures may include TFT/OLED structures formed in a staggered configuration. At least some of the brittle layers can be removed from the panel edge. An additional adhesion layer may also be formed directly on the substrate to help prevent inorganic layers from debonding from the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A touch screen having touch circuitry integrated into a display pixel stackup. The touch screen can include a transistor layer, an LED layer and a first layer. The first layer can operate as an LED cathode during a display phase and as touch circuitry during a touch sensing phase. The transistor layer can be at least partially utilized for transitioning between the display phase and the touch sensing phase. The touch screen can be fabricated to reduce or eliminate damage to the LED layer.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with an organic light-emitting diode display with minimized border regions. The border regions may be minimized by providing the display with bent edge portions having neutral plane adjustment features that facilitate bending of the bent edge portions while minimizing damage to the bent edge portions. The neutral plane adjustment features may include a modified backfilm layer of the display in which portions of the backfilm layer are removed in a bend region. A display device may include a substrate, a display panel on the substrate having display pixels, and peripheral circuitry proximate the display panel and configured to drive the display pixels. A portion of the periphery of the substrate may be bent substantially orthogonal to the display panel to reduce an apparent surface area of the display device. The bent portion may include an electrode for communication with the peripheral circuitry.

Abstract: A display may have thin-film transistor circuitry on a substrate with a substrate surface. An array of organic light-emitting diodes may be formed on the thin-film transistor circuitry. The organic light-emitting diodes may have anodes, cathodes, and emissive material located between the anodes and cathodes. The anodes may be oriented so that they are not parallel to the substrate surface. The anodes may have curved shapes or may have tilted shapes. Tilted anodes may have multiple segments. Anodes may be tilted by amounts that vary as a function of lateral distance across a display.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for inducing pluripotent stem cells by inducing reprogramming and/or dedifferentiation of differentiated adult cells using shikimic acid, a plant extract or plant stem cells containing shikimic acid and an extract of dedifferentiated stem cells (callus), pluripotent stem cells prepared by the method and a composition containing the pluripotent stem cells. In accordance with the present disclosure, ethical concerns implicated with the use of eggs to prepare pluripotent stem cells such as embryonic stem cell can be resolved. And, because the plant stem cell extract unharmful to human is used, pluripotent stem cells with proven safety can be prepared and they may be used to develop immunocompatible cell therapy agents suited for individuals. In addition, by pluripotent stem cells from individuals having diseases, the present disclosure will be very useful in studying the cause of diseases and devolving therapeutic strategy.

Abstract: A pollution detection circuit and a pollution detection method for data lines are provided. The pollution detection circuit and the method detect an impedance of at least one data terminal for detecting the pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines. The pollution occurring at the data terminal or the data lines is confirmed when the impedance is low.

Abstract: A display that contains a column spacer arrangement which takes advantage of a protrusion on a TFT substrate is provided. One set of column spacers is disposed on top of the protrusion, while a second set of column spacers of substantially the same height as the first set of column spacers are disposed throughout the display. In this way, the display is adequately protected against deformation from external forces while at the same maintaining enough room to allow for a liquid crystal to spread out during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a piezoelectric circuit, a piezoelectric driving circuit driving the piezoelectric circuit, and a method for driving the piezoelectric circuit. The piezoelectric circuit includes a sub-piezoelectric circuit and an external inductor coupled in parallel with the sub-piezoelectric circuit. The external inductor discharges the sub-piezoelectric circuit when a polarity of a piezoelectric voltage, that is, a both-end voltage of the piezoelectric circuit is inverted. The piezoelectric driving circuit includes first and third switches connected to a first node of the piezoelectric circuit and second and fourth switches connected to a second node of the piezoelectric circuit.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have an organic light-emitting diode and thin-film transistor circuitry that controls current flow through the organic light-emitting diode. The thin-film transistor circuitry may include silicon thin-film transistors and semiconducting-oxide thin-film transistors. Double gate transistor structures may be formed in the transistors of the thin-film transistor circuitry. A double gate transistor may have a semiconductor layer sandwiched between first and second dielectric layers. The first dielectric layer may be interposed between an upper gate and the semiconductor layer and the second dielectric layer may be interposed between a lower gate and the semiconductor layer. Capacitor structures may be formed from the layers of metal used in forming the upper and lower gates and other conductive structures.

Abstract: A display may have an array of organic light-emitting diodes that form an active area on a flexible substrate. Metal traces may extend between the active area and an inactive area of the flexible substrate. Display driver circuitry such as a display driver integrated circuit may be attached to a flexible printed circuit that is attached to the flexible substrate in the inactive area. The metal traces may extend across a bend region in the flexible substrate. The flexible substrate may be bent in the bend region. The flexible substrate may be locally thinned in the bend region. A neutral stress plane adjustment layer may cover the metal traces in the bend region. The neutral stress plane adjustment layer may include polymer layers such as an encapsulation layer, a pixel definition layer, a planarization layer, and a layer that covers a pixel definition layer and planarization layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing mesenchymal stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells, the method including: a) forming embryonic bodies from human pluripotent stem cells; b) attaching the embryonic bodies to a culture dish to induce natural differentiation of the embryonic bodies into mesenchymal stem cells; and c) performing continuous proliferative culturing of the mesenchymal stem cells while still maintaining the identity of the mesenchymal stem cells. Also, provided is a standardized method for inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which can be broadly applied to all human pluripotent stem cells regardless of a difference in the genetic background thereof.

Abstract: The present invention related to a switch control circuit, a coupled inductor boost converter including the same, and a driving method thereof. The coupled inductor boost converter includes a first inductor connected between an input voltage and a first node, a second inductor connected between the first node and a second node, and a power switch connected between the first node and a ground, and a switch control circuit. The switch control circuit receives a voltage of the second node and turn on the power switch by using the voltage of the second node at a time when a voltage of the first node becomes a zero voltage.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display may have an array of pixels. Each pixel may have an organic light-emitting diode and thin-film transistor circuitry that controls current flow through the organic light-emitting diode. The thin-film transistor circuitry may include silicon thin-film transistors and semiconducting-oxide thin-film transistors. Double gate transistor structures may be formed in the transistors of the thin-film transistor circuitry. A double gate transistor may have a semiconductor layer sandwiched between first and second dielectric layers. The first dielectric layer may be interposed between an upper gate and the semiconductor layer and the second dielectric layer may be interposed between a lower gate and the semiconductor layer. Capacitor structures may be formed from the layers of metal used in forming the upper and lower gates and other conductive structures.