Abstract: A data encoding apparatus includes a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-readable instruction such that the one or more processors are configured to, receive first video data in a macroblock unit, determine a first rounding offset value using the first video data, create second video data by applying the first rounding offset value to the first video data, determine a second rounding offset value, which is different from the first rounding offset value, using the second video data, and create a quantized coefficient by applying the second rounding offset value to the first video data.

Abstract: A video decoding apparatus, a computing system including the same, and a video decoding method. The video decoding apparatus may include an entropy decoder and a video decoder. The entropy decoder may be configured to obtain encoding information of a bitstream of an encoded video from a header of the bitstream, the encoding information of the bitstream including a bit depth of the bitstream, and convert a first quantization parameter of the bitstream into a second quantization parameter when the bit depth of the bitstream is different from a reference bit depth. The video decoder may be configured to decode the bitstream based on the second quantization parameter.

Abstract: An encoding system includes a prediction mode decision unit and an encoding unit. The prediction mode decision unit is configured to receive a target image and decide an optimized mode by applying rate-distortion optimization (RDO) to n (n is a natural number) modes of the target image. The encoding unit is configured to encode the target image according to the decided mode. The prediction mode decision unit includes a distortion calculation unit configured to calculate distortion by mean squared error (MSE) calculation between the target image and the n modes, a Lagrangian multiplier calculation unit configured to calculate a Lagrangian multiplier based on multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) calculation, and a bitrate calculation unit configured to calculate a bit rate of the n modes.

Abstract: An image processing method and apparatus for performing sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing are provided. The image processing method includes: performing, based on a largest coding unit (LCU) and a coding unit (CU), an encoding operation on a frame image; setting a maximum offset having a value adjusted according to a maximum transformation size in the encoding operation; and calculating, based on the set maximum offset, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) parameter for use in SAO compensation.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus includes at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to adjust a size of a first quantization parameter with reference to a characteristic of quantization coefficients generated from input data by using the first quantization parameter, to determine the first quantization parameter of the adjusted size as a final quantization parameter, and to quantize the input data by using the final quantization parameter to generate output data.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus based on a system on chip (SoC) which encodes a residual block of a current block including a first value calculator configured to calculate a first value for the residual block in a space domain, a comparator configured to decide whether to transform the residual block into a transform domain according to a size of the first value, and a transform unit configured to transform the residual block into the transform domain according to a decision on whether to transform.

Abstract: A data encoding apparatus includes a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-readable instruction such that the one or more processors are configured to, receive first video data in a macroblock unit, determine a first rounding offset value using the first video data, create second video data by applying the first rounding offset value to the first video data, determine a second rounding offset value, which is different from the first rounding offset value, using the second video data, and create a quantized coefficient by applying the second rounding offset value to the first video data.

Abstract: An encoder that performs quantization based on a deadzone and a video processing system including the encoder are provided. The encoder includes: a domain transform unit configured to transform first image data of a spatial domain into second image data of a frequency domain including first to N-th pieces of frequency data (wherein N is an integer equal to or greater than 1); a deadzone determination unit including a human visual system (HVS) table including human visual frequency sensitivities and configured to determine, based on the HVS table, a deadzone regarding each of the first to N-th pieces of frequency data; and a quantization unit configured to perform, based on the deadzone, quantization regarding the second image data.

Abstract: A data encoding apparatus includes a memory storing computer-readable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the computer-readable instruction such that the one or more processors are configured to, receive first video data in a macroblock unit, determine a first rounding offset value using the first video data, create second video data by applying the first rounding offset value to the first video data, determine a second rounding offset value, which is different from the first rounding offset value, using the second video data, and create a quantized coefficient by applying the second rounding offset value to the first video data.

Abstract: According to at least some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, an apparatus for encoding video includes a quantizer configured to, based on a size of an initial quantization parameter of input data, generate output data by quantizing the input data to increase an objective evaluation value of encoded data generated from the output data, or generate the output data by quantizing the input data to increase a subjective evaluation value of the encoded data.

Abstract: A video encoding apparatus includes at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to adjust a size of a first quantization parameter with reference to a characteristic of quantization coefficients generated from input data by using the first quantization parameter, to determine the first quantization parameter of the adjusted size as a final quantization parameter, and to quantize the input data by using the final quantization parameter to generate output data.

Abstract: A video decoding apparatus, a computing system including the same, and a video decoding method. The video decoding apparatus may include an entropy decoder and a video decoder. The entropy decoder may be configured to obtain encoding information of a bitstream of an encoded video from a header of the bitstream, the encoding information of the bitstream including a bit depth of the bitstream, and convert a first quantization parameter of the bitstream into a second quantization parameter when the bit depth of the bitstream is different from a reference bit depth. The video decoder may be configured to decode the bitstream based on the second quantization parameter.

Abstract: A method of operating an encoder is provided. The method includes generating predicted spatial-domain block values for current spatial-domain block pixel values, generating residual spatial-domain block values based on differences between the current spatial-domain block pixel values and the predicted spatial-domain block values, calculating a representative value of the residual spatial-domain block values, selecting a quantization parameter corresponding to the representative value from among a plurality of quantization parameters, and quantizing the residual spatial-domain block values using the selected quantization parameter.

Abstract: An encoding system includes a prediction mode decision unit and an encoding unit. The prediction mode decision unit is configured to receive a target image and decide an optimized mode by applying rate-distortion optimization (RDO) to n (n is a natural number) modes of the target image. The encoding unit is configured to encode the target image according to the decided mode. The prediction mode decision unit includes a distortion calculation unit configured to calculate distortion by mean squared error (MSE) calculation between the target image and the n modes, a Lagrangian multiplier calculation unit configured to calculate a Lagrangian multiplier based on multi-scale structural similarity (MS-SSIM) calculation, and a bitrate calculation unit configured to calculate a bit rate of the n modes.

Abstract: An image processing method and apparatus for performing sample adaptive offset (SAO) processing are provided. The image processing method includes: performing, based on a largest coding unit (LCU) and a coding unit (CU), an encoding operation on a frame image; setting a maximum offset having a value adjusted according to a maximum transformation size in the encoding operation; and calculating, based on the set maximum offset, a sample adaptive offset (SAO) parameter for use in SAO compensation.

Abstract: In a method of decoding video data in units of blocks, it is determined whether an illumination compensation (IC) operation is applied to a current block included in a current picture. IC parameters are predicted by selectively using a plurality of neighboring pixels when the IC operation is applied to the current block. The IC parameters are used for applying the IC operation to the current block. The plurality of neighboring pixels are located adjacent to the current block. A decoded block is generated by decoding an encoded block based on the predicted IC parameters. The encoded block is generated by encoding the current block.

Abstract: According to at least some example embodiments of the inventive concepts, an apparatus for encoding video includes a quantizer configured to, based on a size of an initial quantization parameter of input data, generate output data by quantizing the input data to increase an objective evaluation value of encoded data generated from the output data, or generate the output data by quantizing the input data to increase a subjective evaluation value of the encoded data.

Abstract: An encoder that performs quantization based on a deadzone and a video processing system including the encoder are provided. The encoder includes: a domain transform unit configured to transform first image data of a spatial domain into second image data of a frequency domain including first to N-th pieces of frequency data (wherein N is an integer equal to or greater than 1); a deadzone determination unit including a human visual system (HVS) table including human visual frequency sensitivities and configured to determine, based on the HVS table, a deadzone regarding each of the first to N-th pieces of frequency data; and a quantization unit configured to perform, based on the deadzone, quantization regarding the second image data.

Abstract: An image encoding apparatus based on a system on chip (SoC) which encodes a residual block of a current block including a first value calculator configured to calculate a first value for the residual block in a space domain, a comparator configured to decide whether to transform the residual block into a transform domain according to a size of the first value, and a transform unit configured to transform the residual block into the transform domain according to a decision on whether to transform.

Abstract: A method of encoding data includes selecting a line to define an adjustment target coefficient group in each of a plurality of coefficient groups included in a transform unit that has been transformed and quantized. Each of the coefficient groups comprises a plurality of coefficients. For each of the coefficient groups, a sum of the coefficients for the respective coefficient group is calculated. For each of the coefficient groups, a value of one adjustment target coefficient included in the adjustment target coefficient group is adjusted according to a result of the calculation of the sum of the coefficients for the respective coefficient group.