Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a stack structure on a substrate, extending in a first direction, and including gate electrode layers and insulating layers stacked alternately with each other, a vertical structure including a vertical channel film extending in a second direction crossing the first direction and a channel insulating film disposed on the vertical channel film and having first areas adjacent to the insulating layers and second areas adjacent to the gate electrode layers, and a high-k film on the channel insulating film. The high-k film includes a first high-k metal oxide film between the first areas and the insulating layers and in contact with the first areas and a second high-k metal oxide film between the second areas and the gate electrode layers and in contact with the second areas, and the first and second high-k metal oxide films include different metal materials.

Abstract: Provided is a cellulose derivative composition for a secondary battery binder, a method of preparing a composition for a secondary battery electrode, including the same, and a secondary battery including the same. According to the inventive concept, the cellulose derivative composition for a secondary battery binder may include a compound represented by Formula 1 below.

Abstract: An aspect provides plant cells with an engineered QPT gene and methods of using the same. When a QPT gene in a plant cell is genetically engineered according to an aspect, biosynthesis of nicotine is effectively inhibited, and nicotine is reduced by about 97% or more, and since alkaloids other than nicotine (nornicotine, anabasine, anatabine) are also reduced by about 68% or more, plant cells with reduced carcinogen TSNAs (NNK, NNN, NAB, and NAT) may be produced.

Abstract: Provided is an insert for a tire, capable of being fastened together with a rim and a tire, the insert including a flow path connecting an upper surface and a lower surface of the insert.

Abstract: Provided is a separator for a lithium secondary battery. The separator for the lithium secondary battery may include a separator substrate, a first coating layer on the separator substrate, and a second coating layer on the first coating layer, wherein the first coating layer includes a solid electrolyte, and the second coating layer includes a lithium compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery residual value evaluation system, which includes a measurement unit that measures a voltage and a current of an external battery to generate a voltage signal and a current signal, a resistance calculation unit that generates a resistance value, a resistance change value, and a resistance change rate of the external battery for each of charging and discharging cycles of the external battery based on the voltage signal and the current signal, an external input unit that receives reference ranges from an outside, a determination unit that determines a battery residual value based on whether the resistance value, the resistance change value, and the resistance change rate fall within the reference ranges, respectively, and an output unit that outputs the determination result to the outside.

Abstract: An inverter driving apparatus includes an inverter having a plurality of legs respectively corresponding to each of a plurality of phases and the control unit generating space vector modulation signals based on a phase voltage command, each of the space vector modulation signals corresponding to each of the plurality of phases, respectively, determining whether an output voltage of the inverter corresponding to at least one space vector modulation signal of the space vector modulation is in a non-linear region by determining whether each voltage of the space vector modulation signals is included in a predetermined range, generating a terminal voltage command by determining whether or not to apply an offset voltage to each of the space vector modulation signals based on the determination of the non-linear region, and controlling a turn-on state of at least one switch included in each of the plurality of legs by modulating the terminal voltage command based on pulse width modulation.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium battery including a first electrode structure, a second electrode structure spaced apart from the first electrode structure, and an electrolyte between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure, wherein the electrolyte includes a lithium salt, an organic solvent, and an additive, the additive includes a metal salt compound catalyst, the metal salt compound catalyst activates a polymerization reaction of a cyclic carbonate in the organic solvent at a first temperature, and the first temperature ranges between about 100° C. and about 200° C.

Abstract: Provided are: a plant cell, in which expression or activity of a phytochelatin synthase (PCS) gene or a protein encoded by the PCS gene is reduced as compared with a parent cell; a plant having that has reduced heavy metal absorption, and includes the plant cell; a method of reducing heavy metals in a plant, the method including reducing expression or activity of a PCS gene or a protein encoded by the PCS gene, as compared with a parent cell; a CRISPR-Cas9 recombinant vector including a single guide RNA targeting a PCS gene; and a method of preparing a plant with reduced heavy metals, the method including transforming a plant cell with the recombinant vector.

Abstract: Provided are a solid electrolyte membrane, an all-solid-state battery including the same and methods of manufacturing thereof. The solid electrolyte membrane includes a texture-type support having oppositely disposed first side and second side, and having multiple pores inside thereof, and a solid electrolyte filling up the pores and covering at least one side of the support, wherein the support may include a lithium salt, a polymer material or a first solid electrolyte material, or combinations thereof, and show ion conductivity. The solid electrolyte may include a second solid electrolyte material.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a binder for coating a secondary battery separator, wherein the method may include performing a first polymerization on a first monomer to form a precursor solution including a chain-type particle, and adding a second monomer to the precursor solution and performing a second polymerization to form an emulsion particle on the chain-type particle. In an embodiment, the second polymerization may include an emulsification polymerization in which the chain-type particle acts as an emulsifier.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an all-solid-state secondary battery, and more particularly, to an all-solid-state secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Here, at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode includes a sulfide-based active material, the sulfide-based active material has a particle size of about 50 nm to about 5 µm, and the sulfide-based active material has a grain size of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

Abstract: A lithium battery according to the inventive concept includes: a first electrode structure; a second electrode structure separated from the first electrode structure; and an electrolyte between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure, wherein the electrolyte includes: a lithium salt; an organic solvent; and an additive, the additive includes a polymer additive, and the polymer additive may be a mixture of at least two or more polymers among a halogen-based polymer, a silicon-based polymer and an acrylic polymer, or a copolymer thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a secondary battery including: a first electrode structure; a second electrode structure spaced apart from the first electrode structure; a separator between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure; and an electrolyte filled between the first electrode structure and the separator and between the second electrode structure and the separator, wherein the separator includes: a separator substrate; a polymer layer adsorbed on a surface of the separator substrate; and a ceramic layer on the polymer layer, the polymer layer including a polyethyloxazoline-based polymer, and the ceramic layer including an aqueous binder.

Abstract: A composition of aqueous slurry capable of exerting uniform coating on a hydrophobic separator for a secondary battery is disclosed. Unlike other aqueous polymers, a polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer can be physically and chemically bound to a surface of a hydrophobic separator made of polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. Therefore, when the aqueous slurry including the polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer is fabricated and a hydrophobic separator is coated with the aqueous slurry, the hydrophobic separator may be smoothly coated with the aqueous slurry.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite electrode for an all-solid-state secondary battery. The composite electrode includes a composite positive electrode and a composite negative electrode, wherein each of the composite positive electrode and the composite negative electrode includes an electrode active material, and an ion-conducting composite binder configured to include an inorganic ion conductor for an ion movement path and an organic ion conductor for binding of the electrode active material.

Abstract: A lithium battery according to the inventive concept includes: a first electrode structure; a second electrode structure separated from the first electrode structure; and an electrolyte between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure, wherein the electrolyte includes: a lithium salt; an organic solvent; and at least one among a material represented by Formula 1 and a material represented by Formula 2.

Abstract: A CMP slurry composition for patterned tungsten wafers and a method of polishing patterned tungsten wafers using the same, the CMP slurry composition includes a solvent; an abrasive; and a non-dendrimeric poly(amidoamine).

Abstract: Provided is a cellulose derivative composition for an all-solid-state secondary battery binder including a compound represented by Formula 1 below according to the inventive concept. In Formula 1, R1, R1?, R2, R2?, R3, and R3? are each independently any one among a carboxymethyl group, a sulfur substituent, or a phosphorus substituent, in which a monovalent metal is substituted or hydrogen, wherein R1, R2, and R3 is —CH2COOX, , SO3X, —PO3X or —PO3X2 where X may be any one among sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), or cesium (Cs). R1?, R2?, and R3? is —CH2COOY, —SO3Y, —PO3Y or —PO3Y2 where Y may be lithium (Li).

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery for an ion-conducting binder evaluation system for a secondary battery may comprise: an electrode manufactured with an electrode composition, which includes electrode active materials and a binder, so that ion transport in the electrode is dependent on a mechanism of ion diffusion between the electrode active materials by excluding an electrolyte component from the electrode; a counter electrode disposed to face the electrode; and a solid electrolyte layer disposed between the electrode and the counter electrode, wherein a pore density of the electrode, which is an electrolyte-free electrode, is less than or equal to 15% of an electrode bulk density.