Abstract: A method for certifying a genuine product and generating a music chart performed by a server may include: receiving a genuine product certification request from a terminal of a buyer who purchased an album; transmitting genuine product certification content for a genuine product certification procedure to the terminal in response to the genuine product certification request; receiving certification information input to the genuine product certification content; comparing the received certification information with information stored in a database built in advance to perform genuine product certification for the album; matching the certification information with the album when the album is certified as a genuine product, storing the matched certification information in the database, and transmitting a certification completion message to the terminal; and generating the music chart based on the certification information.

Abstract: A PCIe capable semiconductor device includes; ports respectively configured to transmit and receive data in a PCIe environment, and a PCIe controller configured to set a link between the PCIe capable semiconductor device and another PCIe capable semiconductor device. The link includes at least one lane implemented over at least one of the ports. The PCIe controller includes a link training and status state machine (LTSSM) configured to perform a first lane number negotiation according to a first ordering of the ports and a second lane number negotiation according to a second ordering of the ports different from the first ordering of the ports, and determine an optimized link width for the link according to the results of the first lane number negotiation and the second lane number negotiation.

Abstract: A method for certifying a genuine product and generating a music chart performed by a server may include: receiving a genuine product certification request from a terminal of a buyer who purchased an album; transmitting genuine product certification content for a genuine product certification procedure to the terminal in response to the genuine product certification request; receiving certification information input to the genuine product certification content; comparing the received certification information with information stored in a database built in advance to perform genuine product certification for the album; matching the certification information with the album when the album is certified as a genuine product, storing the matched certification information in the database, and transmitting a certification completion message to the terminal; and generating the music chart based on the certification information.

Abstract: A PCIe capable semiconductor device includes; ports respectively configured to transmit and receive data in a PCIe environment, and a PCIe controller configured to set a link between the PCIe capable semiconductor device and another PCIe capable semiconductor device. The link includes at least one lane implemented over at least one of the ports. The PCIe controller includes a link training and status state machine (LTSSM) configured to perform a first lane number negotiation according to a first ordering of the ports and a second lane number negotiation according to a second ordering of the ports different from the first ordering of the ports, and determine an optimized link width for the link according to the results of the first lane number negotiation and the second lane number negotiation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a variable delay circuit comprising a delay circuit that includes a first delay unit and a second delay unit and delays an input signal to generate an output signal; a selection signal generation unit that detects a delay value of the delay circuit and generates a selection signal to select a delay unit for delaying the input signal from the first delay unit and the second delay unit; a first control unit that controls a delay value of the delay unit selected by the selection signal in response to a delay increase/decrease signal; and a second control unit that controls a delay value of the delay unit which is not selected by the selection signal.

Abstract: A linear phase detector includes an up/down pulse generator operating in response to received data signals and a recovered clock signal. The phase detector generates up and down pulses that have pulse widths proportional to the phase differences between transitions of the received data signals and edges of the recovered clock signal. By generating up and down pulses using a linear phase detector in proportion to a phase error, data signals are effectively recovered, even data signals with significant jitter.

Abstract: A clock generator includes a controller, a digital phase locked loop (PLL) circuit, a charge pump phase locked loop (PLL) circuit and a divider. The controller generates a division factor and a first internal clock signal in response to a low-frequency reference clock signal and a multiplication factor. The digital PLL circuit generates a second internal clock signal in response to the reference clock signal, the division factor and the first internal clock signal. The charge pump PLL circuit generates a plurality of third internal clock signals by using the second internal clock signal. The divider generates a high-frequency clock signal in response to a phase selection signal, the division factor and the third internal clock signals.

Abstract: A linear phase detector includes an up/down pulse generator operating in response to received data signals and a recovered clock signal. The phase detector generates up and down pulses that have pulse widths proportional to the phase differences between transitions of the received data signals and edges of the recovered clock signal. By generating up and down pulses using a linear phase detector in proportion to a phase error, data signals are effectively recovered, even data signals with significant jitter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a variable delay circuit comprising a delay circuit that includes a first delay unit and a second delay unit and delays an input signal to generate an output signal; a selection signal generation unit that detects a delay value of the delay circuit and generates a selection signal to select a delay unit for delaying the input signal from the first delay unit and the second delay unit; a first control unit that controls a delay value of the delay unit selected by the selection signal in response to a delay increase/decrease signal; and a second control unit that controls a delay value of the delay unit which is not selected by the selection signal.

Abstract: A linear phase detector includes an up/down pulse generator operating in response to received data signals and a recovered clock signal. The phase detector generates up and down pulses that have pulse widths proportional to the phase differences between transitions of the received data signals and edges of the recovered clock signal. By generating up and down pulses using a linear phase detector in proportion to a phase error, data signals are effectively recovered, even data signals with significant jitter.

Abstract: A frequency multiplier is disclosed. A plurality of voltage regulators each regulate levels of voltages at first and second common nodes in response to a corresponding one of input signals from a voltage-controlled delay line. An input buffer charges the first node or discharges the second node in response to a feedback signal. An output buffer regulates a level of a voltage at an output node and outputs a frequency-multiplied clock signal and the feedback signal corresponding to the voltage level of the output node. A discharge circuit discharges the first node before a rising edge of each of the input signals from the voltage-controlled delay line is inputted. A charge circuit charges the second node before the rising edge of each of the input signals from the voltage-controlled delay line is inputted.

Abstract: A clock generator includes a controller, a digital phase locked loop (PLL) circuit, a charge pump phase locked loop (PLL) circuit and a divider. The controller generates a division factor and a first internal clock signal in response to a low-frequency reference clock signal and a multiplication factor. The digital PLL circuit generates a second internal clock signal in response to the reference clock signal, the division factor and the first internal clock signal. The charge pump PLL circuit generates a plurality of third internal clock signals by using the second internal clock signal. The divider generates a high-frequency clock signal in response to a phase selection signal, the division factor and the third internal clock signals.

Abstract: A thermometer code generator includes n bit storing stages that are coupled to each other, where n is an integer greater than 1, and the n bit storing stages store a thermometer code, and are adapted to increase the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with a clock signal when an up signal is active, to decrease the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with the clock signal when a down signal is active, and to maintain the stored thermometer code in synchronization with the clock signal when both of the up signal and the down signal are inactive.

Abstract: A frequency multiplier is disclosed. A plurality of voltage regulators each regulate levels of voltages at first and second common nodes in response to a corresponding one of input signals from a voltage-controlled delay line. An input buffer charges the first node or discharges the second node in response to a feedback signal. An output buffer regulates a level of a voltage at an output node and outputs a frequency-multiplied clock signal and the feedback signal corresponding to the voltage level of the output node. A discharge circuit discharges the first node before a rising edge of each of the input signals from the voltage-controlled delay line is inputted. A charge circuit charges the second node before the rising edge of each of the input signals from the voltage-controlled delay line is inputted.

Abstract: A linear phase detector includes an up/down pulse generator operating in response to received data signals and a recovered clock signal. The phase detector generates up and down pulses that have pulse widths proportional to the phase differences between transitions of the received data signals and edges of the recovered clock signal. By generating up and down pulses using a linear phase detector in proportion to a phase error, data signals are effectively recovered, even data signals with significant jitter.

Abstract: A thermometer code generator includes n bit storing stages that are coupled to each other, where n is an integer greater than 1, and the n bit storing stages store a thermometer code, and are adapted to increase the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with a clock signal when an up signal is active, to decrease the stored thermometer code by 1 in synchronization with the clock signal when a down signal is active, and to maintain the stored thermometer code in synchronization with the clock signal when both of the up signal and the down signal are inactive.