Abstract: The present invention relates to a tubular scaffold and a method of manufacturing the same. The tubular scaffold has physical properties matching the characteristics of a tubular organ that bends or rotates when a double layer is formed by electrospinning nanofibers, and not only has excellent cell adhesion ability but may also maintain cell functions. Also, since such effects have been proven in an animal model, the tubular scaffold may be mass-produced and used as a highly functional tubular organ having various sizes and lengths.

Abstract: An octo mode program and erase operation method to reduce test time in a non-volatile memory device. M/8 word lines corresponding to an octo row, among M word lines, are simultaneously selected, and a write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row. A voltage that is different from the write voltage is applied to memory cells connected to the rest of word lines, except for M/8 word lines corresponding to the octo row, when the octo signal is applied to an address decoder.

Abstract: A method for interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) of a television operating in a step mode in which movement of a cursor among menu items displayed on the GUI is performed stepwise in accordance with a manipulation of a direction key of the remote controller, the method including receiving, by the television, from a remote controller a signal corresponding to spatial movement of the remote controller detected by the remote controller that instructs the television to switch from (i) the step mode to (ii) a position mode of the GUI in which the movement of the cursor among the menu items is performed in accordance with the spatial movement of the remote controller and switching from the step mode of the GUI to the position mode of the GUI based on the signal.

Abstract: Provided is a functional shoe that automatically prevents a slip, the function shoe including a rotation body part fixed to an outsole of the functional shoe to rotate to a front or rear side of the functional shoe, and an anti-slip part connected to the rotation body part to contact a ground and rotating integrally with the rotation body part according to a sliding direction of the functional shoe. The anti-slip part includes a first distal end, which is sharp and is oriented to the front side of the functional shoe, and a second distal end which is sharp and is oriented to the rear side of the functional shoe.

Abstract: Provided is a functional shoe that automatically prevents a slip, the function shoe including a rotation body part fixed to an outsole of the functional shoe to rotate to a front or rear side of the functional shoe, and an anti-slip part connected to the rotation body part to contact a ground and rotating integrally with the rotation body part according to a sliding direction of the functional shoe. The anti-slip part includes a first distal end, which is sharp and is oriented to the front side of the functional shoe, and a second distal end which is sharp and is oriented to the rear side of the functional shoe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coupler for auxiliary lenses for coupling auxiliary lenses to spectacles and allowing the auxiliary glassed to be out of user's sight when they are not needed. The coupler for auxiliary lenses comprises a coupling unit, an operation unit which is extended and retracted to be near and far from the coupling unit and is arranged to be pivoted upward on a pin when it is extended, and a sliding panel which is extended and retracted in the operation unit and has an end combined with and fixed to a bridge of the auxiliary lenses.