Abstract: The present disclosure discloses systems and methods of calculating a near-maximum likelihood detection (MLD) performance capability signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) according to instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable memory that when executed by a processor of a multiple-input, multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communications receiver device cause the processor to perform operations including the processor acquiring Hi and noise variance ?n2 for each subcarrier of a set of subcarriers between a MIMO-OFDM wireless communications transmitter device and the wireless communications receiver device, computing an average received bit mutual information rate (RBIR) over all subcarriers, converting the average RBIR to an effective SINR; and selecting a modulation coding scheme (MCS).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic electroluminescent compound and an organic electroluminescent device comprising the same. By comprising the compound according to the present disclosure, it is possible to produce an organic electroluminescent device having improved driving voltage, power efficiency, and/or lifetime properties compared to the conventional organic electroluminescent devices.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory includes metallic lines on a substrate and including an uppermost metallic line, a semiconductor conduction line on the uppermost metallic line, a vertical structure penetrating the semiconductor conduction line and metallic lines, and including a vertical structure that includes an upper channel film, a first lower channel film, and an upper connection channel film connecting the upper channel film and the first lower channel film between a bottom of the semiconductor conduction line and a bottom of the uppermost metallic line, and a first cutting line through the metallic lines and the semiconductor conduction line, and including a first upper cutting line through the semiconductor conduction line, and a first lower cutting line through the plurality of metallic lines, a width of the first upper cutting line being greater than a width of an extension line of a sidewall of the first lower cutting line.

Abstract: Disclosed is an interface system including a first neuron cluster that outputs a first neuron signal including a first neuron request and first neuron data by performing a first arithmetic operation, and a first interface circuit that stores the first neuron data and outputs a first response, in response to the first neuron request. The first neuron cluster outputs a second neuron signal including a second neuron request and second neuron data by performing a second arithmetic operation, in response to the first response. Before the first data is transmitted to a second neuron cluster different from the first neuron cluster, the first interface circuit outputs the first response in response to a fact that the first neuron data is stored.

Abstract: A camera module includes a housing, a reflective member positioned in the housing and changing a direction of light to a direction of an optical axis, a carrier carrying the reflective member and rotatable about a first axis with respect to the housing, and a first ball group disposed between the housing and the carrier, wherein the first ball group includes a main ball member providing the first axis of the carrier, and an auxiliary ball member disposed away from the first axis, and one or both of the housing and the carrier partially accommodates the auxiliary ball member, and includes an auxiliary guide groove extended in a circumferential direction of the first axis.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: setting a second parameter in a second frame based on a first puncturing pattern indicated by a first parameter in a first frame for a basic service set (BSS) set up by an access point (AP); and transmitting, to a receiver, the second frame, wherein the first puncturing pattern is one of a plurality of puncturing patterns pre-determined for a third parameter in a third frame.

Abstract: A folded module includes a housing, a carrier provided in the housing, and a rotation holder provided on the carrier and including a reflective member. The carrier is rotatable, with respect to the housing, around a first axis formed by one rotating shaft ball, the rotation holder is rotatable with respect to the carrier around a second axis formed by two ball members, and the first axis and the second axis intersect each other, and the one rotating shaft ball and the two ball members are provided together on a plane on which both the first axis and the second axis are provided.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises: identifying that a first parameter used for indicating a first puncturing pattern is set to be not present in a first frame based on predetermined condition; determining whether to operate in duplicate (DUP) mode; and in case that the transmitter determines to operate in the DUP mode, transmitting a second frame in the DUP mode, wherein data in a payload portion of the second frame is duplicated in frequency in the DUP mode.

Abstract: A wireless communication network includes an access point (AP) device and a non-AP device. The AP device transmits a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) to the non-AP device. The PPDU includes a data field including a plurality of pilot tones in a plurality symbols. A group of pilot tones is shifted from symbol to symbol within a group of subcarriers during the data field. The non-AP device receives the PPDU and performs channel estimation using the plurality of pilot tones in the data field.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises: identifying that a first parameter used for indicating a first puncturing pattern is set to be not present in a first frame based on predetermined condition; determining whether to operate in duplicate (DUP) mode; and in case that the transmitter determines to operate in the DUP mode, transmitting a second frame in the DUP mode, wherein data in a payload portion of the second frame is duplicated in frequency in the DUP mode.

Abstract: An electronic device receives a first data unit including a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) unit and transmits a second data unit including first HARQ-related information indicating that the first HARQ unit fails to be decoded. The electronic device receives a third data unit including a preamble. The preamble includes a first STF, a first LTF, a signal field, a second STF, and a second LTF, and the third data unit includes second HARQ-related information indicating whether the third data unit includes retransmitted data. The electronic device obtains a second HARQ unit based on determination that the second HARQ-related information indicates that the third data unit includes retransmitted data and decodes the second HARQ unit with the first HARQ unit.

Abstract: A method performed by an apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: transmitting a first physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) for a first variant including a first control field and a second PPDU for a second variant including a second control field in A(aggregated)-PPDU, wherein the second PPDU for the second variant is transmitted in duplicate (DUP) mode; and receiving a first response to the first PPDU and a second response to the second PPDU in A-PPDU based on the first control field and the second control field, respectively, wherein the first variant is based on a first protocol standard and the second variant is based on a second protocol standard, and wherein the second protocol standard is beyond version of the first protocol standard.

Abstract: A method performed by an apparatus in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes: transmitting a first NDP Announcement frame for a first variant and a second NDP Announcement frame for a second variant in A-PPDU transmission, wherein the first NDP Announcement frame for the first variant and the second NDP Announcement frame for the second variant have a same time duration and are transmitted in different frequency bands; and transmitting at least one Sounding NDP for the first variant for both at least one first STA for the first variant and at least one second STA for the second variant, wherein the first variant is based on a first protocol standard and the second variant is based on a second protocol standard, and wherein the second protocol standard is beyond version of the first protocol standard.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) includes: determining to operate in A(aggregated)-PPDU transmission, wherein the A-PPDU transmission includes transmission of multiple sub-PPDUs with different variants; and transmitting, to a receiver, a trigger frame including a first field and a second field, wherein the first field indicates whether a first special user information field including first additional common information for a first variant is present; and wherein the second field indicates whether a second special user information field including second additional common information for a second variant is present, and wherein the first special user information field is located before the second special user information field in the trigger frame.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: setting a second parameter in a second frame based on a first puncturing pattern indicated by a first parameter in a first frame for a basic service set (BSS) set up by an access point (AP); and transmitting, to a receiver, the second frame, wherein the first puncturing pattern is one of a plurality of puncturing patterns pre-determined for a third parameter in a third frame.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises: identifying that a first parameter used for indicating a first puncturing pattern is set to be not present in a first frame based on predetermined condition; determining whether to operate in duplicate (DUP) mode; and in case that the transmitter determines to operate in the DUP mode, transmitting a second frame in the DUP mode, wherein data in a payload portion of the second frame is duplicated in frequency in the DUP mode.

Abstract: An electrode for electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform measurement of the present disclosure is proposed. The present disclosure provides an electrode device capable of accurately measuring and monitoring an electrocardiogram of a person by maintaining a uniform amount of electric charge even when a contact area of the electrode changes due to vigorous physical activity such as walking or running, or moisture permeation due to ambient conditions or sweat released during exercise.

Abstract: Disclosed a driving method for a capacitance-detection device, the method including: acquiring a noise signal; comparing a magnitude of an acquired noise signal with a threshold value for driving a capacitance-detection device; and adjusting a driving signal, provided to a capacitance-detection device to be driven, according to a result of said comparing. The acquiring the noise signal includes: generating the noise signal corresponding to detected noise; and converting the noise signal into a digital signal.

Abstract: Disclosed a driving method for a capacitance-detection device, the method including: acquiring a noise signal; comparing a magnitude of an acquired noise signal with a threshold value for driving a capacitance-detection device; and adjusting a driving signal, provided to a capacitance-detection device to be driven, according to a result of said comparing. The acquiring the noise signal includes: generating the noise signal corresponding to detected noise; and converting the noise signal into a digital signal.

Abstract: Provided are a capacitance-detection device and a driving method for the same. The driving method includes acquiring a noise signal, comparing a magnitude of the acquired noise signal and a threshold value for driving a capacitance-detection device, and adjusting a driving signal provided to a capacitance-detection device to be driven according to a comparison result.