Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices improve medium usage by wireless devices. Methods include monitoring, using one or more processing elements, one or more data throughput metrics associated with a first wireless device, and identifying, using the one or more processing elements, a presence of medium reservation activity associated with a second wireless device. Methods also include generating, using the one or more processing elements, a mitigation signal based, at least in part, on a designated data pattern, the mitigation signal comprising a plurality of mitigation data packets configured to reduce medium reservation by the first wireless. Methods further include transmitting the mitigation signal to the first wireless device.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus using plasma capable of efficiently controlling the selectivity ratio of a silicon layer and an oxide layer is provided. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a first space disposed between an electrode and an ion blocker; a second space disposed between the ion blocker and a shower head; a processing space under the shower head for processing a substrate; a first supply hole for providing a first gas for generating plasma to the first space; a second supply hole for providing a second gas to be mixed with an effluent of the plasma to the second space; and a first coating layer formed on a first surface of the shower head facing the second space, not formed on a second surface of the shower head facing the processing space, and containing nickel.

Abstract: A display device includes a bank including first and second bank layers each having side surfaces respectively defining bank openings corresponding to light emission areas, the second bank layer protruding further than the side surfaces of the first bank layer to define tips of the second bank layer and an upper surface at the tips, an inorganic encapsulation layer on the bank and including first and second patterns each having a body corresponding to the light emission areas and a wing portion extended from the body, the wing portions overlapping each other and spaced apart from the upper surface at the tips, the second pattern further including a connection portion which is connected to the body and the first wing portion of the second pattern and is between the first wing portion of the first pattern and the second bank layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for drying botulinum toxin under reduced pressure. In the case of using a method for preparing a botulinum toxin dried cake according to this method for drying under reduced pressure, the drying time can be significantly shortened while maintaining the efficacy of the botulinum toxin.

Abstract: An aerosol generation device includes a heater configured to generate an aerosol by heating an aerosol generating substrate; and a controller configured to control power to be supplied to the heater by a battery using a control signal, wherein the controller is further configured to identify state information of the battery at a heating start time point when the heater starts to be heated and calculate a duty ratio of the control signal based on the identified state information.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an aerosol generating apparatus having a feedback control function includes a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating substrate to generate an aerosol; a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling power supplied to the heater; a switch configured to perform a switching operation based on the control signal to supply the power to the heater; and a comparison signal calculator configured to receive a signal by the switching operation to calculate a comparison target signal, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a cut-off signal for stopping the switching operation of the switch based on a comparison value calculated by comparing the comparison target signal with a reference signal exceeding a preset range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable aerosol generator that vaporizes a liquid type inhalation material, and more particularly, to a portable aerosol generator that can control the operation by recognizing whether a liquid cartridge or a heater module is genuine and/or whether the liquid cartridge or the heater module is already used. According to the present invention, the portable aerosol generator includes: a main body having a microcontroller and a battery; and a liquid cartridge that is electrically detachably mounted on the main body and that has an identifier, a heating part, and a liquid part for receiving a liquid type inhalation material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerosol generator that vaporizes a liquid type inhalation material, and more particularly, to a circuit capable of sensing and controlling a heater voltage, without being affected by power of a battery, in an aerosol generator using a liquid cartridge.

Abstract: An aerosol generation device includes a heater configured to generate an aerosol by heating an aerosol generating substrate; and a controller configured to control power to be supplied to the heater by a battery using a control signal, wherein the controller is further configured to identify state information of the battery at a heating start time point when the heater starts to be heated and calculate a duty ratio of the control signal based on the identified state information.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an aerosol generating apparatus having a feedback control function includes a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating substrate to generate an aerosol; a controller configured to generate a control signal for controlling power supplied to the heater; a switch configured to perform a switching operation based on the control signal to supply the power to the heater; and a comparison signal calculator configured to receive a signal by the switching operation to calculate a comparison target signal, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a cut-off signal for stopping the switching operation of the switch based on a comparison value calculated by comparing the comparison target signal with a reference signal exceeding a preset range.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for Frequency Allocation (FA) in a mobile communication system which separates a Radio Frequency (RF) unit and a digital unit are provided. A method of a digital central office including a plurality of channel cards includes processing signals of a plurality of cells corresponding to a plurality of RF units through the channel cards, measuring loads of the cells through the channel cards, determining FA per cell by considering the measured loads per cell, and operating the channel cards according to the determined FA per cell.

Abstract: A golf course for practicing shot-making and trouble shots where golf players may intensively practice their weakest shots, shot-making according to each situation and trouble shots is provided. The golf course includes a tee box including a flat ground, an up-hill, a down-hill, a side up-hill and a side down-hill, wherein a play of a hole is started therein; a fairway positioned between the tee box and a green, the fairway being composed of short grass; a bunker including a cross bunker positioned in the fairway, a fairway bunker positioned near the fairway and a green side bunker positioned near the green; a rough positioned on both the right and left sides of the fairway, the rough being composed of grass longer than the grass of the fairway; and the green composed of short grass, wherein a play of the hole is ended therein.

Abstract: A method, for use in a mobile communications system having a plurality of mobile stations (MS's) and a mobile subscriber information register (MSIR), provides a requesting MS with location information (LI) of a target MS. At a first step, a LI request signal, including a subscriber number assigned to the target MS, a service code representing a LI supplying service and a secret number, is received from the requesting MS. At a second step, it is checked whether the service code of the LI supplying service is included in the subscriber information of the target MS stored in the MSIR. At a third step, if the service code of the LI supplying service is included in the subscriber information of the target MS, it is checked whether the secret numbers included in the subscriber information of the target MS and the LI request signal are identical each other.

Abstract: A motion adaptive frequency folding method and circuits thereof for folding high-frequency components over low-frequency components of a brightness signal for enabling recording of a video signal having a full bandwidth onto a recording medium having a restricted bandwidth in order to improve resolution of a video image by preventing deterioration of the video image due to artifacts and noise.