Abstract: A method of user equipment may comprise: determining whether an error condition for a first beam communicating with a base station is met; when it is determined that the error condition for the first beam is met, determining whether a first physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) allocated to the user equipment is present within a predetermined first period of time; when it is determined that the first PUCCH is not present, transmitting a sounding reference signal (SRS) transmission approval request and an identifier of the user equipment to the base station through a second PUCCH pre-configured to be shared by all pieces of user equipment; and when an SRS transmission approval is received from the base station, transmitting an SRS to the base station.

Abstract: A method of a base station may comprise: detecting a beam failure for a terminal; in response to detecting the beam failure, transmitting a beam recovery early indicator (BREI) to the terminal based on a beam sweeping scheme; receiving a BREI response from the terminal; and identifying a preferred beam of the terminal based on reception of the BREI response.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display panel includes providing a work substrate including a first electrode and a pixel-defining layer including an opening exposing at least a part of the first electrode, forming a spacer on the pixel-defining layer, forming a light-emitting layer on the first electrode by providing a deposition material to a mask including a deposition opening corresponding to the opening, removing the mask, and compressing particles remaining on the spacer by a compression tool.

Abstract: A pore-filled ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane from which the surface ion exchange polyelectrolyte has been removed and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane exhibits low film resistance and low in-plane-direction swelling degree, and has a smaller film-thickness than a commercial film, and thus, can be used for various purposes. In addition, since the pore-filled ion exchange polyelectrolyte composite membrane is continuously manufactured through a roll-to-roll process, the manufacturing process is simple, and manufacturing costs can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for switching from a master node to a secondary node in a communication system. A method of a first communication node may comprise: adding the first communication node as a primary secondary cell (PSCell) to a second communication node through dual connectivity (DC); generating a first user plane path for smart dynamic switching (SDS) and a first instance for supporting the first user plane path according to a request from the second communication node; transmitting information on the first user plane path and the first instance to a terminal; receiving user data based on the first user plane path from the terminal as the first instance; and transmitting the user data to a core network using the first user plane path.

Abstract: An audio apparatus includes a signal receiver configured to receive a left-channel signal and a right-channel signal of a stereo audio signal; at least one filter configured to block a signal in a band exceeding a predetermined frequency based on the frequency bands of each of the received left-channel signal and right-channel signal; and a controller configured to generate a center-channel signal of the stereo audio signal based on the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal passing through the filter, to calculate a signal level sensitivity between the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal passing through the filter, to determine a similarity between the left-channel signal and the right-channel signal based on the calculated signal level sensitivity, and to control the generated center-channel signal to be output in response to the determined similarity.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display device, which may be fabricated using a described method. The display device includes a glass substrate including a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a side surface between the first surface and the second surface, an outermost structure on the first surface of the glass substrate and located adjacent to an edge of one side of the glass substrate, and a display area including a plurality of light emitting areas on the first surface of the glass substrate and located farther from the edge of the one side of the glass substrate than the outermost structure is. A minimum distance from the side surface of the glass substrate to the outermost structure is equal to 130 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a laser irradiation device for oral treatment includes (a) molding a base frame having a tongue fixing frame part convexly formed upward so that the tongue is inserted into a lower space thereof and a teeth seating part concavely formed so that human teeth are seated therein, (b) assembling an LED strip with respect to the base frame, the LED strip having a plurality of laser diodes installed on a flexible circuit board to correspond to the shape of the base frame, (c) injecting a liquid light-transparent resin material into an upper light-transparent cover and a lower light-transparent cover respectively corresponding to the shapes of upper and lower parts of the base frame, and (d) respectively pressing the upper light-transparent cover and the lower light-transparent cover vertically upward and downward with respect to the base frame.

Abstract: A method of connecting a digital device to a remote personal computer (PC) includes: requesting an access to the remote PC in response to executing a remote PC service through a user interface for changing a setting of the digital device; setting a network connection for providing the remote PC service in response to identifying request information associated with the request from the remote PC; encoding, by the remote PC, screen information displayed on the remote PC as a moving picture; receiving, by the digital device, the encoded moving picture from the remote PC; and decoding, by the digital device the encoded moving picture and playing the screen information of the remote PC on a display of the digital device.