Abstract: The memory system may include a processor; a scratch pad memory connected to the processor through an internal bus, a memory controller connected to the processor through the internal bus, and configured to access a memory device through an external bus in response to a memory access request by the processor; and a hint managing module configured to manage a hint for selecting data to be overridden on the scratch pad memory from among data loaded in the memory device.

Abstract: According to an aspect of inventive concepts, there is provided a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory pages, the memory controller including an error correction code (ECC) region manager configured to manage the plurality of memory pages by dividing the plurality of memory pages into ECC enable regions and ECC disable regions, and an ECC engine configured to perform an ECC operation on data included in the ECC enable regions.

Abstract: An x-ray spectrometer includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that: receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source; focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second light; and a microcalorimeter array detector in optical communication with the sample and that receives the product x-rays from the sample.

Abstract: According to an aspect of inventive concepts, there is provided a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory pages, the memory controller including an error correction code (ECC) region manager configured to manage the plurality of memory pages by dividing the plurality of memory pages into ECC enable regions and ECC disable regions, and an ECC engine configured to perform an ECC operation on data included in the ECC enable regions.

Abstract: According to an aspect of inventive concepts, there is provided a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory pages, the memory controller including an error correction code (ECC) region manager configured to manage the plurality of memory pages by dividing the plurality of memory pages into ECC enable regions and ECC disable regions, and an ECC engine configured to perform an ECC operation on data included in the ECC enable regions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tricyclic derivative compounds, and more specifically to tricyclic derivative compounds, optical isomers thereof, racemates thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have excellent activity against PARP-1, tankyrase-1 or tankyrase-2. The tricyclic derivative compounds, optical isomers thereof, racemates thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention have inhibitory activity against PARP-1, tankyrase-1, or tankyrase-2, and thus can be effectively used for the prevention or treatment of neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic neuropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, or cancer.

Abstract: An x-ray spectrometer includes: an x-ray plasma source that produces first x-rays; an x-ray optic in optical communication with the x-ray plasma source and that: receives the first x-rays from the x-ray plasma source; focuses the first x-rays to produce second x-rays; and communicates the second x-rays to a sample that produces product x-rays in response to receipt of the second x-rays and second light; and a microcalorimeter array detector in optical communication with the sample and that receives the product x-rays from the sample.

Abstract: According to an aspect of inventive concepts, there is provided a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory pages, the memory controller including an error correction code (ECC) region manager configured to manage the plurality of memory pages by dividing the plurality of memory pages into ECC enable regions and ECC disable regions, and an ECC engine configured to perform an ECC operation on data included in the ECC enable regions.

Abstract: An image registration system using a subject-specific tracker includes: a photographing unit for obtaining a scanning image; a fabricated tracker based on anatomical data of the user including tracking markers for defining relative positions; a recognizing unit configured to recognize positions of the tracking markers and an image registration unit configured to register the scanning image based on the positions of the tracking markers. According to the system, a body part of the user and a scanning image may be automatically registered without a conventional image registration process such as an attachment of a fiducial marker and a confirmation of the fiducial marker position using CT/MRI imaging. Accordingly, it is possible to minimize an error caused by human, ensure precise registration, allow trackers to be attached or detached as necessary during surgery operation, and keep the accuracy of registration after the trackers are attached or detached.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel tricyclic derivative compounds, and more specifically to tricyclic derivative compounds, optical isomers thereof, racemates thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have excellent activity against PARP-1, tankyrase-1 or tankyrase-2. The tricyclic derivative compounds, optical isomers thereof, racemates thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof according to the present invention have inhibitory activity against PARP-1, tankyrase-1, or tankyrase-2, and thus can be effectively used for the prevention or treatment of neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic neuropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, or cancer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel tricyclic derivative with efficient inhibitory activity against poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The tricyclic derivative of the invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by excess PARP activity, especially neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device having the display panel are discussed. According to an embodiment, the display panel includes a lower substrate provided with a display area and a non-display area; a plurality of data pad portions formed at a side region of the non-display area; an upper substrate bonded to the lower substrate, except for the side region of the non-display area; and at least one ground line supplied with ground power, and formed on the lower substrate of the non-display area to surround in part an outline portion of the display area.

Abstract: A display panel and a display device having the display panel are discussed. According to an embodiment, the display panel includes a lower substrate provided with a display area and a non-display area; a plurality of data pad portions formed at a side region of the non-display area; an upper substrate bonded to the lower substrate, except for the side region of the non-display area; and at least one ground line supplied with ground power, and formed on the lower substrate of the non-display area to surround in part an outline portion of the display area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel tricyclic derivative with efficient inhibitory activity against poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARP) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. The tricyclic derivative of the invention is useful for the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by excess PARP activity, especially neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, inflammatory diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer, by inhibiting the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tricyclic derivatives or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their preparations and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. More precisely, the present invention relates to tricyclic derivatives as colchicine derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their preparations and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Tricyclic derivatives of the present invention show very powerful cytotoxicity to cancer cell lines but were much less toxic than colchicine or taxol, confirmed through animal toxicity test. Tricyclic derivatives of the invention also decrease the volume and weight of a tumor and have a strong angiogenesis inhibiting activity in HUVEC cells. Thus, tricyclic derivatives of the present invention can effectively be used as an anticancer agent, anti-proliferation agent and an angiogenesis inhibitor.