Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of cell assemblies including a plurality of secondary batteries; a module housing including an accommodation space configured to accommodate the plurality of cell assemblies; and a blocking member configured to, when a gas pressure more than a predetermined gas pressure or a heat more than a predetermined temperature is generated in at least some cell assemblies among the plurality of cell assemblies, block the generated gas or heat from moving to the other cell assemblies.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory includes metallic lines on a substrate and including an uppermost metallic line, a semiconductor conduction line on the uppermost metallic line, a vertical structure penetrating the semiconductor conduction line and metallic lines, and including a vertical structure that includes an upper channel film, a first lower channel film, and an upper connection channel film connecting the upper channel film and the first lower channel film between a bottom of the semiconductor conduction line and a bottom of the uppermost metallic line, and a first cutting line through the metallic lines and the semiconductor conduction line, and including a first upper cutting line through the semiconductor conduction line, and a first lower cutting line through the plurality of metallic lines, a width of the first upper cutting line being greater than a width of an extension line of a sidewall of the first lower cutting line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for providing a group call service using mobile voice over Internet protocol (mVolP). According to one embodiment, an interface is provided to transmit a request signal for a group call to members of a group chat room, and from among the group chat room members, it may be determined which members are able to participate in a group call as group call members. A new group call chat room may be created and include the group call members. The request signal may be transmitted in the created new group call chat room.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating an application providing a group call service using mobile voice over internet protocol (mVoIP). According to one embodiment, a request signal for a group call is received, and regardless of participation in the corresponding the group call, meta information for the group chat room corresponding to the group call can be received from a server. The meta information can comprise at least the group call connection status for each member of the group chat room.