Abstract: A semiconductor package may include first and second substrates, which are vertically stacked, a semiconductor device layer on a bottom surface of the second substrate to face a top surface of the first substrate, upper chip pads and an upper dummy pad on the top surface of the first substrate, penetration electrodes, which each penetrate the first substrate and are connected to separate, respective upper chip pads, lower chip pads on a bottom surface of the semiconductor device layer and electrically connected to separate, respective upper chip pads, and a lower dummy pad on the bottom surface of the semiconductor device layer and electrically isolated from the upper dummy pad. A distance between the upper and lower dummy pads in a horizontal direction that is parallel to the first substrate may be smaller than a diameter of the lower dummy pad.

Abstract: An evaporator comprises tubes, configured for coolant flow, stacked in regularly spaced relation to one another, each of the tubes formed by coupled tube plates. Also comprising a tank in fluid communication with the tubes at an upper or lower side; inlet and outlet end-plates which respectively have an inflow part and an outflow part at an upstream side of coolant flow and positioned at respective end sides of the stacked tubes; and inlet and outlet manifolds in fluid communication with the tank and coupled to the inflow and outflow parts to define a coolant flow passage. The outlet manifold has a coolant movement preventing part isolating a rear portion from the coolant flow passage and comprises a closed space formed by joining the outlet end-plate and the outlet manifold to prevent formation of a dead zone where the coolant from the tank flows into a downstream side of the outlet manifold and is whirled therein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle air purifier with a negative/positive ion generator and an air conditioning system using the same. The vehicle air purifier includes a case including an air inlet and an air outlet, a filter arranged in the case at the side of the air inlet, a blower fan rotatably mounted in the case, and a negative/positive ion generator arranged in an air path of at least one of the air inlet and the air outlet, to emit negative ions and positive ions to air in accordance with emission of electrons.

Abstract: An evaporator of the present invention, comprising: a plurality of tubes; fins interposed between the tubes; a tank communicated with the tube; an inlet end-plate and an outlet end-plate which are positioned at both right and left sides of the laminated tubes ; and an inlet manifold and an outlet manifold which are communicated with tank and define the flowing path of coolant;wherein the outlet manifold and/or the end part, connected with the outlet manifold, of the outlet end-plate has the coolant movement preventing part which prevents the formation of the dead zone flowed a downstream side of the outlet manifold and then whirled therein. According to the present invention, when the coolant is discharged from the tank to the outlet pipe through the outlet manifold and end-plate, the coolant in the outlet manifold can be completely discharged without congestion in the outlet manifold.