Abstract: Disclosed herein are a novel dye for a photoelectric device and a photoelectric device comprising the dye. More particularly, the dye for a photoelectric device incorporates different quaternary ammoniums into a carboxyl or phosphoric acid-substituted bipyridyl ligand of the dye, and a photoelectric device comprising the same. The dye for a photoelectric device as disclosed herein exhibits improved photosensitivity and light absorbing characteristics, thereby making it possible to fabricate a highly efficient photoelectric device when the dye is included in the device.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a solar cell including organic nanowires. The solar cell may include a photoelectric conversion layer formed of a p-type material including an organic material and an n-type material including organic nanowires.

Abstract: Electrical energy generation apparatuses, in which a solar battery device and a piezoelectric device are combined in a single body by using a plurality of nano wires formed of a semiconductor material having piezoelectric properties.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for fabricating a flexible semiconductor electrode including preparing a first substrate having a semiconductor layer disposed on a release layer, forming a second substrate having an adhesive layer disposed on a conductive material-coated flexible substrate, and pressing the first substrate against the second substrate under heat effective to transfer the semiconductor layer from the first substrate to the second substrate. The method allows for a flexible semiconductor electrode to be fabricated at low temperatures in a stable manner, and the flexible semiconductor electrode allows for high photoelectric conversion efficiency in a solar cell.

Abstract: A dye-sensitized solar cell using an ion-bound oligomer complex is provided. The dye-sensitized solar cell comprises an electrolyte, comprising a first oligomer having a C5-30 heteroaryl group containing a nitrogen heteroatom as a basic functional group at both ends of the molecule, mixed with a second oligomer having an acidic functional group selected from among carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfonic acid, at both ends of the molecule, to thus form a salt, which then leads to an ion-bound oligomer complex that constitutes the electrolyte. The solar cell exhibits excellent mechanical properties, can be manufactured conveniently, and can have a high energy conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A field emission backlight unit for a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes: a lower substrate; first electrodes and second electrodes alternately formed in parallel lines on the lower substrate; emitters disposed on at least the first electrodes; an upper substrate spaced apart from the lower substrate by a predetermined distance such that the upper and lower substrates face each other; a third electrode formed on a bottom surface of the upper substrate; and a fluorescent layer formed on the third electrode. Since the backlight unit has a triode-type field emission structure, field emission is very stable. Since the first electrodes and the second electrodes are formed in the same plane, brightness uniformity is improved and manufacturing processes are simplified.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a plurality of nanowires arranged such that diameters of the nanowires sequentially increase in a first direction along a path of incident light. In a method of forming nanowires, a catalyst layer is formed on a substrate, a plurality of nanoparticles are formed by thermally processing the catalyst layer, and nanowires are grown from the plurality of nanoparticles. The catalyst layer has a thickness that increases in a first direction, and the plurality of nanoparticles have diameters that increase in the first direction.

Abstract: A method and apparatus optimize handover optimization in a broadband wireless communication system. Operations of a base station includes determining whether at least one of a plurality of time intervals included in a total time taken by handover, exceeds a threshold time. Whether to advance or delay a handover point is determined based on which at least one of the time interval exceeds the threshold time. And at least one handover parameter is changed to advance or delay the handover point.

Abstract: A method of creating a global coordinate of a polyhedral hollow frame includes a first step of providing a plurality of transmitters on a reference surface in the hollow frame, providing a plurality of reference sensors to create the coordinate of the reference surface, and creating a local coordinate frame of the reference surface on the basis of the positional coordinates measured by the reference sensors; a second step of providing reference sensors at common points of a first vertical surface neighboring to the reference surface to measure and store the coordinates of the common points; a third step of providing a plurality of transmitters and reference sensors on the first vertical surface neighboring to the reference surface to create a local coordinate frame of the first vertical surface; a fourth step of transforming the local coordinate frames created at the first and the third steps into a global coordinate frame using the coordinates of the common points measured at the second step; a fifth step of

Abstract: A solar cell module includes an upper substrate including a cylindrical lens is disposed on a lower substrate to cover a solar cell. The cylindrical lens focuses incident light onto the solar cell. In a method of manufacturing the solar cell module, a solar cell is formed on a lower substrate by sequentially depositing a first material layer, a second material layer, and a second electrode onto the first electrode. An upper substrate including a cylindrical lens is adhered to or formed on the lower substrate.

Abstract: A solar energy utilizing apparatus includes: a fluid pipe forming a flow path of a heat medium and including a convex surface; and a solar cell formed on the convex surface of the fluid pipe. In a method of manufacturing a solar energy utilizing apparatus, a first substrate including a first surface and a second surface is formed. The first surface has a plurality of convex surfaces and the second surface has a plurality of concave surfaces. A plurality of solar cells are formed on the convex surfaces, respectively. A second substrate is formed, and the second substrate is bonded to the first substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel dye for use in a photoelectronic device, wherein the photoelectronic device is comprised of a photoanode comprising the dye. According to the novel dye, the dye is derived through the introduction of a group which narrows the dihedral angle of the dye ligand as well as through the introduction of conjugated groups. Since the dye has improved light sensitivity and absorption properties, it can be used to fabricate a photoelectronic device with high power conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A three-dimensional measurement system using an IGPS includes a rescale bar having linear scales thereon, a linear encoder for measuring an absolute length within which the linear encoder moves on the rescale bar, a plurality of optical transmitters that radiates pan beams, and a vector bar having one end attached to the linear encoder, and having a receiver to detect the pan beams radiated from the optical transmitters, the vector bar acquiring coordinates of two points where the vector bar moves by using the receiver, and measuring a relative length from the coordinates. A ratio between the absolute length and the relative length is applied in rescaling an actual distance between two positions to be measured.

Abstract: A chrome-free coating composition for surface-treating a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet that includes carbon nanotubes and has excellent electric conductivity, comprising, based on the total solid weight of the composition: (a) 40 to 60 parts by weight of a water-soluble or water-borne organic resin; (b) 20 to 40 parts by weight of an inorganic metallic sol; (c) 2 to 5 parts by weight of a carbon nanotube paste including carbon nanotube (CNT); (d) 2 to 5 parts by weight of a metal oxide/phosphate-based anti-corrosion agent; (e) 5 to 15 parts by weight of an organic metal complex; (f) 3 to 7 parts by weight of a carbodimide cross-linking agent; and (g) the balance of water, ethanol or a mixture thereof. The steel sheet surface-treated with the composition may be useful to secure corrosion resistance without including a chrome component and shows its electric conductivity even when the coating composition is used at a coating amount of 1000 mg/m2 or more.

Abstract: A memory module having a start-type topology and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The memory module includes a substrate. Memory devices are mounted on the substrate in at least two rows and at least two columns. A star-type topology is disposed to be electrically connected to the memory devices. One or more pairs of adjacent ones of the memory devices have a point-symmetric structure.

Abstract: Provided is a CMOS image sensor that uses thiophene derivatives. The CMOS image sensor includes first through third photoelectric conversion units vertically and sequentially stacked on a semiconductor substrate. The first photoelectric conversion unit detects blue light and comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a p-type thiophene derivative layer between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a biochip and a biomolecular detection system using the same. In particular, the biomolecular detection system is capable of detecting biological molecules (biomolecules) such as DNA or protein at a high speed. The biochip comprises a supporting structure, conductive materials aligned vertically on, and associated with, the supporting structure, and biomolecule probes operably linked to the conductive materials. The biomolecular detection system using the biochip may precisely detect biomolecules as well as the density of the biomolecules.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a metal oxide paste composition comprising a carboxylic ester dispersant and/or a phosphate dispersant, and a method for manufacturing a semiconductor electrode for solar cells using the same. The disclosed metal oxide paste composition improves the dispersibility of metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, if it is used to manufacture a semiconductor electrode for solar cells, it will allow the increased adsorption of a dye, thus improving the photoelectric efficiency of the resulting solar cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for monitoring a building status achieved during building a cavity frame such as an internal freight warehouse of a cargo. The apparatus for monitoring a building status of a cavity frame includes a portable computer, a central host computer, and an indoor global positioning system. The portable computer remotely accesses the central host computer and downloads information on a work schedule, and the central host computer receives information on problems during works from the portable computer. The indoor global positioning system remotely accesses the central host computer to transmit positional information of a working robot in the cavity frame. The central host computer then transmits, to the working robot, an instruction to perform a corresponding work at a position of the working robot.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a semiconductor electrode with improved power conversion efficiency through inhibition of recombination reactions of electrons. The semiconductor electrode comprises a transparent electrode consisting of a substrate and a conductive material coated on the substrate, and a metal oxide layer formed on the transparent electrode wherein the metal oxide layer contains a phosphate. Further disclosed is a solar cell employing the semiconductor electrode.