Abstract: A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery according to an embodiment includes lithium metal oxide particles containing lithium and nickel, and containing a small amount of cobalt or no cobalt. An average particle diameter, a modulus and a hardness of the lithium metal oxide particles are adjusted to satisfy a desired relation. A lithium secondary battery has improved high-temperature storage properties, structural stability and high power properties.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a battery module including a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells are stacked, a pack frame for accommodating the battery module, a heat sink located between the battery cell stack and the pack frame, and a cooling fin between the two battery cells adjacent to each other. The cooling fin comprises a body part in contact with the battery cell, and an extension part extending to the upper side (z-axis) of the battery cell stack and located adjacent to the heat sink. The extension part has a bent part formed by bending in a direction different from the upper side (z-axis).

Abstract: A battery module includes a sub-module stack formed by stacking a plurality of sub-modules including a cooling member having a coolant flow path and a plurality of battery cells disposed on both surfaces of the cooling member; and a pair of bus bar frame assemblies coupled to one side and the other side of the sub-module stack to electrically connect the plurality of battery cells.

Abstract: A system of controlling a vehicle may include a sensor and a controller, in which the sensor may be configured to sense vehicle operation state information, and the controller may be configured to determine whether a vehicle is running on a dangerous road based on the sensed vehicle operation state information, determine whether there is a possibility that a vehicle driving state will cause a failure of a driving system based on the sensed vehicle operation state information in response to determining that the vehicle is running on the dangerous road, and decide that torque control of the vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus for stabilizing the light output frequency of each laser diode for pulse light and probe light for measuring the distribution of strain, by controlling the change of the light output frequency of the laser diode due to external causes by input current of the laser diode. The apparatus is constructed such that the frequency variation of the laser diodes is detected to then generate a signal corresponding to the variation. Then, the signal is fed back to a temperature-current controller to be used as the input current signal of the laser diode.