Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for encoding and decoding an image. The method of encoding includes: determining a maximum size of a buffer to decode each image frame by a decoder, a number of image frames to be reordered, and latency information of an image frame having a largest difference between an encoding order and a display order from among image frames that form an image sequence, based on an encoding order the image frames that form the image sequence, an encoding order of reference frames referred to by the image frames, a display order of the image frames, and a display order of the reference frames; and adding, to a mandatory sequence parameter set, a first syntax indicating the maximum size of the buffer, a second syntax indicating the number of image frames to be reordered, and a third syntax indicating the latency information.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an image is performed by a first device and includes obtaining an image including an object, obtaining, based on a preset setting condition of the first device, contour information defining a contour of the object and color information about a color of the object, and transmitting the contour information and the color information to a second device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multiplexing and de-multiplexing video data. The method of multiplexing the video data involves syntax to a header of transmission unit data that is used to multiplex a clean random access (CRA) picture used in a random access, wherein the predetermined syntax indicates a reproduction status of the CRA picture, i.e., normal reproduction or reproduction according to a random access.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided is a video encoding method for a parallel process. The video encoding method includes performing an inter prediction and an intra prediction for pictures included in a group of picture (GOP) and determining an encoding order and reference dependency between the pictures included in the GOP, and generating a predetermined data unit including reference relation information generated based on the encoding order and reference dependency between the pictures included in the GOP.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus having temporal scalability, and a video decoding method and apparatus having temporal scalability. The video encoding method includes: splitting pictures included in a picture sequence into temporal sub-layers; classifying, as a first temporal layer access picture or a second temporal layer access picture, a temporal layer access picture based on whether a picture encoded after the temporal layer access picture is capable of referring to a picture encoded before the temporal layer access picture; and adding, to transmission unit data including the temporal layer access picture, type syntax information for identifying the first temporal layer access picture and the second temporal layer access picture, wherein the picture encoded after the temporal layer access picture belongs to a same temporal sub-layer as the temporal layer access picture or belongs to an upper temporal sub-layer to the temporal layer access picture.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.

Abstract: A method of determining a reference picture set (RPS), which is a set of reference pictures used in predictive decoding of a current picture that is to be decoded, is provided. The method includes: obtaining a flag indicating whether the RPS is determined based on picture order count (POC) values of the current picture and a previous picture or whether the RPS is determined based on an index of a reference RPS, which is an identification value of the reference RPS that is one of pre-defined RPSs and is referred to in determining the RPS, and a delta RPS that is a difference value between a POC vale of a reference picture included in the reference RPS and a POC value of a reference picture included in the RPS; and determining the RPS according to a value of the flag.

Abstract: An inter prediction method includes determining whether a restriction condition is provided which restricts an identity of reference picture lists to be used for slices of a same slice type among slices included in a same picture; determining a modification possibility of reference picture lists determined for a same slice among the slices of the same slice type; and determining reference picture lists for blocks in an inter mode that belong to the same slice based on the determining of whether the restriction condition is provided and the determining of the modification possibility of the reference picture lists.

Abstract: A multi-layer video decoding method includes receiving a plurality of multi-layer image streams that constitute a multi-layer video, obtaining, from a data unit header including information of a second random access point (RAP) picture that corresponds to a first RAP picture included in a first layer image stream and is included in a second layer image stream from among the plurality of multi-layer image streams, first picture order count (POC) information for determining a first partial value of a POC of the second RAP picture that is set to be the same as a POC of the first RAP picture, obtaining, from the data unit header, second POC information about a second partial value of the POC of the second RAP picture, and obtaining the POC of the second RAP picture by using the first POC information and the second POC information.

Abstract: Disclosed are a scalable video encoding method and apparatus and a scalable video decoding method and apparatus. The scalable video encoding method adds, into a bitstream, table index information representing one of a plurality of scalable extension type information tables in which available combinations of a plurality of scalable extension types are specified and layer index information representing the scalable extension type of the encoded video among combinations of a plurality of scalable extension types included in a scalable extension type information table.

Abstract: Provided are a video encoding method and apparatus and a video decoding method and apparatus using unified syntax for parallel processing. The video decoding method includes: obtaining a first data unit parallel processing flag indicating whether parallel processable data is included in a first data unit from a first data unit header including encoding information of the first data unit that constitutes video included in a bitstream; determining whether parallel processable data is included in the first data unit based on the first data unit parallel processing flag; and when it is determined that parallel processable data is included in the first data unit, obtaining a second data unit parallel processing flag indicating whether parallel processable data is included in a second data unit whose level is lower than a level of the first data unit from a second data unit header including encoding information of the second data unit.

Abstract: Provided are motion vector determining method and apparatus for determining a motion vector via motion vector prediction. The motion vector determining method involves determining a candidate motion vector list comprising motion vectors of a plurality of candidate blocks referred so as to predict a motion vector of a current block, when a reference image of a first candidate block from among the plurality of candidate blocks is different from a reference image of the current block, determining whether or not to use a motion vector of the first candidate block from the candidate motion vector list, based on whether each of the reference image of the current block and the reference image of the first candidate block is a short-term reference image or a long-term reference image, and determining the motion vector of the current block by using a candidate motion vector selected from among the motion vectors comprised in the candidate motion vector list.