Abstract: A curable composition for forming a high refractive index optical material, the curable composition including an episulfide compound, a thiol compound and an aromatic ring compound containing two or more hydroxyl groups, and an optical material including a cured product of the curable composition.

Abstract: A curable composition and an optical element including a cured product thereof. The curable composition includes an episulfide compound and an aromatic heterocyclic compound.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display panel comprising a display area including a plurality of pixels and a non-display area disposed around the display area; and a plurality of flexible printed circuit boards disposed in the non-display area along a first edge of the display panel, where distances of a first end portion of each of the flexible printed circuit boards from the first edge are different from each other.

Abstract: A composite separator, a method of preparing the composite separator, and a secondary battery including the composite separator are provided. The composite separator includes a heat-resistant nonwoven fabric, and a porous coating film on at least one surface of the heat-resistant nonwoven fabric and including a multi-phase polymer including a stationary phase segment and a reversible phase segment, wherein an amount of the stationary phase segment is larger than an amount of the reversible phase segment.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a deformation stiffness of an article includes a force measuring means configured to measure a force generated in a thickness direction of the article; a thickness measuring means configured to measure a thickness of the article; and a data processor configured to differentiate force with respect to thickness to calculate the deformation stiffness of the article, wherein each of the force and the thickness are a result of a volume change of the article.

Abstract: Battery housing structures and battery apparatuses including the same are provided. A battery housing structure may include a case including an accommodation region in which a battery unit is accommodated, and an elastic member assembly provided in the case and configured to apply a pressure to the battery unit accommodated in the accommodation region. The elastic member assembly may include at least one first elastic member having an elastic coefficient that increases when a displacement increases and at least one second elastic member having an elastic coefficient that decreases when a displacement increases. The at least one first elastic member and the at least one second elastic member may have different structures or may be arranged in different directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a deformation stiffness of an article includes a force measuring means configured to measure a force generated in a thickness direction of the article; a thickness measuring means configured to measure a thickness of the article; and a data processor configured to differentiate force with respect to thickness to calculate the deformation stiffness of the article, wherein each of the force and the thickness are a result of a volume change of the article.

Abstract: Battery housing structures and battery apparatuses including the same are provided. A battery housing structure may include a case including an accommodation region in which a battery unit is accommodated, and an elastic member assembly provided in the case and configured to apply a pressure to the battery unit accommodated in the accommodation region. The elastic member assembly may include at least one first elastic member having an elastic coefficient that increases when a displacement increases and at least one second elastic member having an elastic coefficient that decreases when a displacement increases. The at least one first elastic member and the at least one second elastic member may have different structures or may be arranged in different directions.

Abstract: A clock generation circuit includes: a clock generator to receive a gate pulse signal and to generate at least one gate clock signal corresponding to the gate pulse signal; an over-current protector to detect a current level of the at least one gate clock signal, and to output a shutdown enable signal and at least one switching signal corresponding to the detected current level; and a switching unit including at least one switching device to output the gate pulse signal as the at least one gate clock signal. The clock generator is to generate the at least one gate clock signal in response to the shutdown enable signal, and the at least one switching device is to transmit the gate pulse signal as the at least one gate clock signal in response to the at least one switching signal.

Abstract: A composite separator, a method of preparing the composite separator, and a secondary battery including the composite separator are provided. The composite separator includes a heat-resistant nonwoven fabric, and a porous coating film on at least one surface of the heat-resistant nonwoven fabric and including a multi-phase polymer including a stationary phase segment and a reversible phase segment, wherein an amount of the stationary phase segment is larger than an amount of the reversible phase segment.

Abstract: A clock generation circuit includes: a clock generator to receive a gate pulse signal and to generate at least one gate clock signal corresponding to the gate pulse signal; an over-current protector to detect a current level of the at least one gate clock signal, and to output a shutdown enable signal and at least one switching signal corresponding to the detected current level; and a switching unit including at least one switching device to output the gate pulse signal as the at least one gate clock signal. The clock generator is to generate the at least one gate clock signal in response to the shutdown enable signal, and the at least one switching device is to transmit the gate pulse signal as the at least one gate clock signal in response to the at least one switching signal.

Abstract: Polyamic acid including structural units of the following Chemical Formulae 1 and 2 is provided: In Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, each substituent is as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes an oligomer or polymer having a substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl group only in a side chain and a diamine compound. A method of manufacturing a polyimide, and a polyimide film, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Polyamic acid including structural units of the following Chemical Formulae 1 and 2 is provided: In Chemical Formulae 1 and 2, each substituent is as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A polyimide precursor composition includes an oligomer or polymer having a substituted or unsubstituted carbonyl group only in a side chain and a diamine compound. A method of manufacturing a polyimide, and a polyimide film, are also disclosed.