Abstract: An optical film according to the present disclosure comprises: a transparent substrate; a network of conductive nanowires positioned on at least one surface of the transparent substrate; and an organic binder, wherein the organic binder includes a first organic binder and a second organic binder having different solubility parameters (Hildebrand solubility parameter, ?) from each other, a difference in the solubility parameter between the first organic binder and the second organic binder being 5 MPa0.5 or more, and the optical film has a haze of 2.0% or less and a sheet resistance of 25 ?/sq or less.

Abstract: A fuel cell including a plurality of tubular unit cells each including: a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer, stacked radially in a direction from a center axis to an outer region thereof; an internal current collector in an interior of the unit cell; and an external current collector arranged at an outer circumferential surface of the unit cell, the external current collector including a plurality of connecting portions configured to electrically connect between the unit cell and at least one another unit cell of the plurality of unit cells, and the connecting portions form two or more electrical paths between a unit cell of the plurality of unit cells and another unit cell of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell includes a unit cell, which includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer that are sequentially laminated from an inner region to an outer region of the unit cell; and an interconnector electrically connected to the first electrode layer, exposed to outside of the unit cell, and electrically insulated from the second electrode. The solid oxide fuel cell further includes a first porous current collector on an outer surface of the second electrode layer; a first adhesive layer interposed between the first porous current collector and the second electrode layer; a second porous current collector on an outer surface of the interconnector; and a second adhesive layer interposed between the second porous current collector and the interconnector.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof includes a unit cell and a cell coupling member. The unit cell includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer so that one end portion of the electrolyte layer is exposed. The cell coupling member is coupled to the unit cell and includes a coupling member. A sealing member including at least two layers having different porosities is coated on at least one portion of the coupling member to seal the unit cell and the cell coupling member.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell stack includes unit cells, an external collector, a first stack collecting member, a cap, and a suspension member. The external collector contacts an outer periphery of each of the unit cells and electrically connects the unit cells to each other. The first stack collecting member is positioned to collect current from a distal unit cell. A cap is provided in one end of the distal unit cell. The suspension member has one side thereof suspended from the cap and the other side fixed to the first stack collecting member to distribute weight of the first stack collecting member. Structural stability of a stack collector may be maintained even at oxidizing atmosphere of high temperature when driving the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A manufactured fuel cell includes: a unit cell including a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding an outer circumference of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer while exposing an end of the electrolyte layer; a plating layer around an outer circumference of the exposed electrolyte layer; a cell coupling member including a passage pipe inserted into the unit cell and forming a continuous passage from the inside of the unit cell, a coupling pipe provided outside of the passage pipe to form a space accommodating an end of the unit cell from the passage pipe, and a connecting unit connecting the coupling pipe with the passage pipe and restricting an insertion depth of the electrolyte layer and the first electrode layer; and a welding portion fixing and sealing the plating layer and an inner circumference of the coupling pipe with each other.

Abstract: An interconnecting-type solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed. The fuel cell includes a unit cell, a first current collecting member, a first insulating member, and a second current collecting member. The unit cell has a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer sequentially formed from an inside thereof, and has an interconnector configured for electrical connection to the first electrode layer and exposed to an outside thereof in a state in which the interconnector is insulated from the second electrode layer. The first current collecting member is formed on an outside of the interconnector and configured to collect current. The first insulating member is formed on an outside of the first current collecting member. The second current collecting member is wound around an outer circumferential surface of the second electrode layer and an outside of the first insulating member.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell and a manufacturing method thereof includes a unit cell and a cell coupling member. The unit cell includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer so that one end portion of the electrolyte layer is exposed. The cell coupling member is coupled to the unit cell and includes a coupling member. A sealing member including at least two layers having different porosities is coated on at least one portion of the coupling member to seal the unit cell and the cell coupling member.

Abstract: An interconnecting-type solid oxide fuel cell is disclosed. The fuel cell includes a unit cell, a first current collecting member, a first insulating member, and a second current collecting member. The unit cell has a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer sequentially formed from an inside thereof, and has an interconnector configured for electrical connection to the first electrode layer and exposed to an outside thereof in a state in which the interconnector is insulated from the second electrode layer. The first current collecting member is formed on an outside of the interconnector and configured to collect current. The first insulating member is formed on an outside of the first current collecting member. The second current collecting member is wound around an outer circumferential surface of the second electrode layer and an outside of the first insulating member.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell stack is disclosed. In one aspect, the solid oxide fuel cell stack includes unit cells, an external collector, a first stack collecting member, a cap, and a suspension member. The external collector contacts an outer periphery of each of the unit cells and electrically connects the unit cells to each other. The first stack collecting member is positioned to collect current from a distal unit cell. A cap is provided in one end of the distal unit cell. The suspension member has one side thereof suspended from the cap and the other side fixed to the first stack collecting member to distribute weight of the first stack collecting member. Structural stability of a stack collector may be maintained even at oxidizing atmosphere of high temperature when driving the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a fuel cell including a unit cell having a electrolytic layer, a first electrode layer formed inside the electrolytic layer, and a second electrode layer formed outside the electrolytic layer. The fuel cell further includes an inner tube positioned inside the unit cell and extending in a longitudinal direction of the unit cell, the inner tube configured to fluidly connect the unit cell with another unit cell, and the inner tube having a variable outer diameter along the longitudinal direction of the unit cell. The fuel cell may be configured to improve fuel or oxidizer flow efficiency. The fuel cell may be configured to maintain flow rate for and improve rection time of fuel or oxidizer during operation of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell includes a unit cell, which includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer that are sequentially laminated from an inner region to an outer region of the unit cell; and an interconnector electrically connected to the first electrode layer, exposed to outside of the unit cell, and electrically insulated from the second electrode. The solid oxide fuel cell further includes a first porous current collector on an outer surface of the second electrode layer; a first adhesive layer interposed between the first porous current collector and the second electrode layer; a second porous current collector on an outer surface of the interconnector; and a second adhesive layer interposed between the second porous current collector and the interconnector.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The fuel cell stack has at least one unit cell. The unit cell includes a first electrode collector, a first electrode layer formed on the first electrode collector, an electrolyte layer formed on the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer formed on the electrolyte layer, and a second electrode collector formed on the second electrode layer. At least one of the first and second electrode collectors may include a porous metal substrate having a density in a range from about 800 kg/m3 to about 1600 kg/m3 and a plurality of metal wires electrically connected to the porous metal substrate. The density of an electrode collector may be optimized to have an improved contact state between an electrode and the electrode collector. During operation, the fuel cell stack may thus have enhanced performance characteristics.

Abstract: A fuel cell including a plurality of tubular unit cells each including: a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a second electrode layer, stacked radially in a direction from a center axis to an outer region thereof; an internal current collector in an interior of the unit cell; and an external current collector arranged at an outer circumferential surface of the unit cell, the external current collector including a plurality of connecting portions configured to electrically connect between the unit cell and at least one another unit cell of the plurality of unit cells, and the connecting portions form two or more electrical paths between a unit cell of the plurality of unit cells and another unit cell of the plurality of unit cells.

Abstract: A manufactured fuel cell includes: a unit cell including a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding an outer circumference of the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer while exposing an end of the electrolyte layer; a plating layer around an outer circumference of the exposed electrolyte layer; a cell coupling member including a passage pipe inserted into the unit cell and forming a continuous passage from the inside of the unit cell, a coupling pipe provided outside of the passage pipe to form a space accommodating an end of the unit cell from the passage pipe, and a connecting unit connecting the coupling pipe with the passage pipe and restricting an insertion depth of the electrolyte layer and the first electrode layer; and a welding portion fixing and sealing the plating layer and an inner circumference of the coupling pipe with each other.

Abstract: A fuel cell module includes at least one unit cell formed by sequentially stacking a first electrode current collector, a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, a second electrode layer and a second electrode current collector. At least one of the first and second electrode current collectors is connected to an anti-oxidation unit positioned at the exterior of the unit cell. The anti-oxidation unit includes a metal material having a higher ionization tendency than the at least one of the first and second electrode current collectors, connected to the anti-oxidation unit. Accordingly, as an anti-oxidation unit is provided to the fuel cell module in consideration of the reactivity difference between metals, the fuel cell module is designed by substituting a low-priced current collector for a high-priced current collector, so that the degree of freedom of the design of the fuel cell module is increased and manufacturing cost is decreased.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel cell is provided. The solid oxide fuel cell has a structure in which a separate thermal expansion member is provided in a current collecting body formed on the inner circumferential surface of a first electrode so that the uniform contact between a support body of the first electrode and the current collecting body can be maintained even though the internal diameter of the support body of the first electrode is changed. Accordingly, the current collection performance of the current collecting body is enhanced through the thermal expansion member between the first electrode and the current collecting body, thereby improving the entire performance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: A blind which includes: a rectangular frame; windows fit on the front and rear surfaces of the frame; a slat part embedded in between the windows mounted on the front and rear surfaces of the frame; an upper movable part and drum parts mounted on a back headrail half and a front headrail half of the upper portion of the frame to control the slat part; a side movable part inserted into a side guiderail of a side of the frame; and pull cords connected to the slat part, the drum parts, the side movable part, and corner keys for controlling opening and closing of the blind.

Abstract: A blind which includes: a rectangular frame; windows fit double on the front and rear surfaces of the frame; a slat part embedded in the double windows mounted on the front and rear surfaces of the frame; an upper movable part and drum parts mounted on a back headrail half and a front headrail half of the upper portion of the frame to control the slat part; a side movable part inserted into a side guiderail of a side of the frame; and pull cords connected to the slat part having a bottomrail, the drum parts, and the side movable part having the large corner keys for controlling opening and closing of the blind.

Abstract: A process for purifying hepatitis B viral surface antigen comprising the preS2 peptide from the cells of a recombinant organism is carried out by a sequence of steps which includes the step of disrupting the cells using a buffer containing a chaotropic salt to obtain a cell homogenate and the step of alkalifying the cell homogenate to a pH ranging from 11.0 to 13.5.