Abstract: Disclosed herein is a spindle motor. The spindle motor includes a rotating shaft and a sleeve. The rotating shaft has a stepped portion in a fluid dynamic pressure shafting system. The sleeve is fitted over the circumferential outer surface of the rotating shaft. A sleeve recess is formed in the inner surface of the sleeve so that the edges of the stepped portion are spaced apart from the sleeve.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for controlling a sound field through an array speaker. The method includes calculating a coefficient of a filter that controls sound pressure of an input signal, based on a sound pressure ratio of a suppression area that suppresses sound emitted from an array speaker and an emphasis area that emphasizes the sound, and sound pressure efficiency in the emphasis area, generating a plurality of output signals that focuses the sound to the emphasis area by filtering the input signal based on the calculated coefficient of the filter, and outputting a sound field controlled sound based on the generated plurality of output signals. Accordingly, a listener in a predetermined direction and distance from the array speaker can clearly hear sound, without wearing an earphone or a headset so as to focus the sound only to the listener.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and method for estimating the amount of power that is to be consumed by an amplifier. An estimation section may be determined based on frame data of an input signal that is to be input to the amplifier. The estimation section may be stored to in a predetermined section, and the amount of power to be consumed by the amplifier may be estimated in advance based on the stored signal. The predetermined section may be determined in consideration of response a characteristic of a power supply of the amplifier. The amount of power may be calculated by assigning weight to the stored signal.

Abstract: A sound enhancement apparatus and method which produce low IMD over a broadband frequency region and performs BSE to offer a sound which is natural to the human ears, are provided. The sound enhancement apparatus includes a preprocessor, a BSE signal generator, and a gain controller. The preprocessor divides a source signal into a high-frequency signal and a low-frequency signal and analyzes the low-frequency signal to obtain prediction information regarding a degree of distortion that will be generated by the low-frequency signal. The BSE signal generator generates a higher harmonic signal for the low-frequency signal as a BSE signal to be substituted for the low-frequency signal, wherein the order of the higher harmonic signal is adjusted based on the prediction information regarding the degree of distortion. The gain controller adjusts a synthesis ratio of the low-frequency signal and the BSE signal adaptively depending on the prediction information regarding the degree of distortion.

Abstract: A stereo speaker system including: a speaker unit having a plurality of speakers which output audio; and a filter unit selectively receiving low frequency components of the outputted audio. The filter unit eliminates the received low frequency components to decrease back pressure on the speakers. Thus, the phenomenon of air-loading caused by back-pressure is removed and the low frequency characteristic of stereo speakers is improved by activating the vibration of a vibrating plate.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for creating an acoustic radiation pattern, which may improve sound focusing performance to a target position. The acoustic radiation pattern creating apparatus may process an input signal which may be output through a speaker array in a room such that at least one vertical-directional reflected wave component of the input signal may overlap a direct sound of the input signal at the target position. Then, the acoustic radiation pattern creating apparatus may replicate the processed input signal by the number of output channels of the speaker array, and may process the replicated input signals such that the replicated input signals may form a predetermined radiation pattern in a horizontal direction in the room when the replicated input signals are output through the speaker array.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for suppressing integrated circuit leakage currents are described. Many of these circuits and methods are particularly well-suited for use in dynamic memory circuits. Examples describe the use of power, ground, or both and power and ground source transistors used for generating virtual voltages. An aspect of the invention describes lowering refresh current. An aspect describes reducing the standby current. An aspect of the invention describes lowering leakage resulting from duplicated circuits, such as row decoders and word line drivers. An aspect describes methods of performing early wake-up of source transistors. A number of source transistor control mechanisms are taught. Circuit layouts methods are taught for optimizing integrated circuit layouts using the source transistors.

Abstract: In a method of forming a phase-change memory device, a variable resistance member may be formed on a s semiconductor substrate having a contact region, and a first electrode may be formed to contact a first portion of the variable resistance member and to be electrically connected to the contact region. A second electrode may be formed so as to contact a second portion of the variable resistance member.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating directional sound is provided. By using a time-variant beam pattern, the apparatus may generate constant direct waves in a listening area and may vary reflected waves followed by the direct waves according to time. The apparatus may convolute the time-variant beam pattern with a sound signal, may process an acoustic signal, which may be obtained through convolution, into a multi-channel signal, and may amplify and output the multi-channel signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an exposure device. There is provided an exposure device including: a case; a plurality of LEDs that are received inside the case and emit light in an UV wavelength range straightly to the outside; and a power supplier that supplies power applied to the LEDs.

Abstract: A sound focusing technique is provided to transfer sound to a particular direction. In a sound focusing apparatus, first and second speakers may be arranged to emit sound in opposite directions to form a sound zone. An amplitude and/or a phase of a received signal may be adjusted by a signal processing unit to assign the received signal and the adjusted signal to the first and second speakers, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are implantable devices for communicating with biological tissue and methods and systems for using the devices. For example, the devices are implanted in a subject and used to communicate with regenerated neural tissue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to borosilicate glass compositions for a sintering agent, dielectric compositions containing the borosilicate glass compositions and a multilayer ceramic capacitor using the dielectric compositions. Borosilicate glass compositions for a sintering agent according to an aspect of the invention include an alkali oxide, an alkaline earth oxide and a rare earth oxide, can sinter ceramic dielectrics at low temperatures and improve the hot insulation resistance of a multilayer ceramic capacitor. Correspondingly, dielectric compositions including these borosilicate glass compositions and a multilayer ceramic capacitor using the dielectric compositions can be sintered at a low temperature of 1100° C. or less and have high hot insulation resistance, thereby ensuring high levels of reliability.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for controlling an acoustic radiation pattern output through an array of speakers. The apparatus stores a plurality of filter values for forming a plurality of corresponding control patterns set in advance from an input signal. The apparatus forms a compensation control pattern such that signals output through the array of speakers have an intended pattern in consideration of a filter value of a focusing filter. The apparatus selects at least one of the control patterns set in advance to form the compensation control pattern, and processes the input signal using a filter value corresponding to the selected control pattern.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus and method for estimating the amount of power that is to be consumed by an amplifier. An estimation section may be determined based on frame data of an input signal that is to be input to the amplifier. The estimation section may be stored to in a predetermined section, and the amount of power to be consumed by the amplifier may be estimated in advance based on the stored signal. The predetermined section may be determined in consideration of response a characteristic of a power supply of the amplifier. The amount of power may be calculated by assigning weight to the stored signal.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for focusing sound so that a sound radiation pattern output from an array speaker system composed of a plurality of speakers may approach a target sound radiation pattern. The sound focusing apparatus uses a focusing filter formed in consideration of sound characteristics of the array speaker system. In addition, the sound focusing apparatus may compensate for delay and gain values of each channel generated when an input signal is replicated to a plurality of channels and output through an array speaker in the array speaker system.

Abstract: A technology for controlling acoustic energy distribution in a control region is provided. A sound processing apparatus includes a control filter such that a controllable sound zone is formed in the control region, and the sound processing apparatus synthesizes the control filter and an input signal to transfer sound to a desired location or a specific user. The numbers, the size and the locating positions of the sound zone and/or the control region may be controlled.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating directional sound are provided to output sound towards a specific sound zone. The apparatus includes an internal loudspeaker array having at least one sound source and edge loudspeakers, each with a sound source having directivity, located at respective ends of the internal loudspeaker array.

Abstract: In one aspect, a memory device is provided which includes a plurality of bit lines extending in a first direction, a plurality of word lines extending in a second direction, an array of programmable volumes electrically connected between the bit lines and word lines, and thermally conductive striped patterns located between the programmable volumes of the array and extending in at least one of the first and second directions.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for controlling output distortions of an amplifier. The apparatus for controlling output distortions of an amplifier, includes a compensation signal generator to predict a fluctuation of a supply voltage of a power supply using a prediction model which reflects fluctuations characteristics of the supply voltage, and to generate a compensation signal based on the prediction, and a compensator to transform an input signal using the compensating signal to control the output distortions.