Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing interoperability of a multi-cloud service. The apparatus includes one or more processors and executable memory for storing at least one program executed by the one or more processors. The at least one program receives a service request for the multi-cloud service from a user client, creates a multi-cloud service in response to the service request, configures functions for interoperability between multiple cloud services in the multi-cloud service, and provides the multi-cloud service in which the functions for interoperability are configured to the user client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for a multi-cloud service platform. The apparatus includes one or more processors and executable memory for storing at least one program executed by the one or more processors. The at least one program may receive a service request from a user client device, generate a multi-cloud infrastructure service using multiple clouds in response to the service request, make the multiple clouds interoperate with mufti-cloud infrastructure in order to provide the multi-cloud infrastructure service, and generate a multi-cloud application runtime environment corresponding to the multi-cloud infrastructure service.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide a cloud brokerage service based on multiple cloud-computing systems. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, the cloud service broker being connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems, providing, by the cloud service broker, a cloud service brokerage based on cloud services of the multiple cloud-computing systems, the cloud service brokerage enabling the cloud service complying with the request to be provided to the cloud service client, transmitting, by the cloud service broker, a control request for the cloud service to one or more cloud-computing systems of the multiple cloud-computing systems, and controlling, by the cloud service broker, a status of the cloud service after the cloud service broker receives an acknowledgment for the control request from the one or more cloud-computing systems.

Abstract: Image sensors include a photodiode formed in a substrate material and a transistor coupled to the photodiode. The transistor has a trench structure formed in the substrate material, an isolation layer disposed on the substrate material, and a gate disposed on the isolation layer and extending into the trench structure. The trench structure has a polygonal cross section in a channel width plane, the polygonal cross section defining at least four sidewall portions of the substrate material, which contribute to an effective channel width measured in the channel width plane that is wider than a planar channel width of the transistor.

Abstract: Backside illuminated sensor pixel structure. In one embodiment, and image sensor includes a plurality of pixels arranged in rows and columns of a pixel array that are disposed in a semiconductor substrate. Individual photodiodes of the pixel array are configured to receive an incoming light through a backside of the semiconductor substrate. A front side of the semiconductor substrate is opposite from the backside. A plurality of transistors disposed proximate to the front side of the semiconductor substrate, are arranged in a row along an outer perimeter of the photodiodes of the respective pixel; and a plurality of isolation structures arranged to bracket the row of transistors along the outer perimeter of the photodiodes. A plurality of contacts electrically contacting the plurality of isolation structures, and the contacts are configured to voltage-bias the plurality of isolation structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of improving fuel efficiency of a fuel cell electric vehicle, and an apparatus and a system therefor. The method includes collecting navigation information and vehicle speed information, calculating a coasting line when a specified event point is detected based on the navigation information, determining whether deceleration is necessary by comparing a current traveling speed with a coasting line speed corresponding to a current location, and changing a criterion for determining whether to enter a fuel cell stop (FC STOP) state when the deceleration is necessary as a determination result.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a control method for a fuel cell. The control method includes: collecting, by a controller, state information of a fuel cell (FC) stack; determining, by the controller, a degradation state of the FC stack from the collected state information of the FC stack; correcting, by the controller, a basic threshold output corresponding to a present driving state of a vehicle on the basis of information of the determined degradation state of the FC stack; comparing, by the controller, a post-correction threshold output that is obtained by correcting the basic threshold output and a motor demand output, and determining, by the controller, stopping or restarting of a fuel cell; and controlling, by the controller, such that the determined stopping or restarting state of the fuel cell is achieved.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud brokerage service based on multiple clouds. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, the cloud service broker being connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; generating, by the cloud service broker, the cloud service complying with the request based on one or more services registered in a service catalogue of the cloud service broker; newly registering, by the cloud service broker, the generated cloud service in the service catalogue; and providing, by the cloud service broker, the newly registered cloud service to the cloud service client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud service based on cloud service brokerage. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a first request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, wherein the cloud service broker is connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; providing, by the cloud service broker, a cloud service brokerage based on cloud services of the cloud-computing systems, wherein the cloud service brokerage enables the cloud service complying with the first request to be provided to the cloud service client; and monitoring, by the cloud service broker, a service level of the cloud service during provision of the cloud service and controlling, by the cloud service broker, the cloud service such that the service level satisfies conditions of the first request.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatus and method for validating service control status. The apparatus for validating service control status includes a service control request unit for requesting control of a service from a computing system, a service control status checking period generation unit for generating a service control status checking period in order to check completion of the service control, and a service control status checking communication unit for performing service control status checking communication with the computing system based on the service control status checking period.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a cloud computing-based simulation apparatus and a method for operating the simulation apparatus. The method for operating a cloud computing-based simulation apparatus includes profiling a simulation in consideration of a simulation model and setup items that are requested by a user, when there is a history corresponding to results of the profiled simulation, calculating a resource configuration probability distribution for the simulation using the history, replicating the simulation environment to multiple simulation environments by selecting resource configurations in N simulation environments depending on the resource configuration probability distribution, where N is an integer of 2 or more, and simultaneously executing simulations in the multiple simulation environments.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing an application. The apparatus for managing an application includes a reception unit for receiving an instruction to deploy the application from an application service provider, a deployment plan generation unit for generating application deployment plan information based on application topology corresponding to the application, a resource management unit for allocating a cloud resource based on the application deployment plan information, an application installation unit for installing the application in the allocated cloud resource and setting up the application, and an application execution unit for running the application.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of photodiodes disposed in a semiconductor material to convert image light into image charge. A floating diffusion is disposed proximate to the plurality of photodiodes to receive the image charge from the plurality of photodiodes. A plurality of transfer transistors is coupled to transfer the image charge from the plurality of photodiodes into the floating diffusion in response to a voltage applied to the gate terminal of the plurality of transfer transistors. A first trench isolation structure extends from a frontside of the semiconductor material into the semiconductor material and surrounds the plurality of photodiodes. A second trench isolation structure extends from a backside of the semiconductor material into the semiconductor material. The second trench isolation structure is disposed between individual photodiodes in the plurality of photodiodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for sharing a file between applications. The apparatus includes a file-mapping management unit for checking the file open mode of a file that one or more applications on respective virtual machines request to open, checking the newest version of the file, and managing a mapping relationship between the application and the data of the file; a file management unit for creating a new file as a new version of the file when the file open mode is a write mode; and a data management unit for loading the data of the new file into memory when the file open mode is a write mode, and providing the loaded data to the application, thereby sharing the file between the applications.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photodiode disposed in a semiconductor material to generate image charge in response to incident light, and a floating diffusion disposed in the semiconductor material proximate to the photodiode. A transfer transistor is coupled to the photodiode to transfer the image charge from the photodiode into the floating diffusion in response to a transfer signal applied to a transfer gate of the transfer transistor. A source follower transistor is coupled to the floating diffusion to amplify a charge on the floating diffusion. The source follower transistor includes a gate electrode including a semiconductor material having a first dopant type; a source electrode, having a second dopant type, disposed in the semiconductor material; a drain electrode, having the second dopant type, disposed in the semiconductor material; and a channel, having the second dopant type, disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a photodiode disposed in a semiconductor material to generate image charge in response to incident light, and a floating diffusion disposed in the semiconductor material proximate to the photodiode. A transfer transistor is coupled to the photodiode to transfer the image charge from the photodiode into the floating diffusion in response to a transfer signal applied to a transfer gate of the transfer transistor. A source follower transistor is coupled to the floating diffusion to amplify a charge on the floating diffusion. The source follower transistor includes a gate electrode including a semiconductor material having a first dopant type; a source electrode, having a second dopant type, disposed in the semiconductor material; a drain electrode, having the second dopant type, disposed in the semiconductor material; and a channel, having the second dopant type, disposed between the source electrode and the drain electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud service based on cloud service brokerage. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a first request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, wherein the cloud service broker is connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; providing, by the cloud service broker, a cloud service brokerage based on cloud services of the cloud-computing systems, wherein the cloud service brokerage enables the cloud service complying with the first request to be provided to the cloud service client; and monitoring, by the cloud service broker, a service level of the cloud service during provision of the cloud service and controlling, by the cloud service broker, the cloud service such that the service level satisfies conditions of the first request.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a plurality of photodiodes disposed in a semiconductor material to convert image light into image charge. A floating diffusion is disposed proximate to the plurality of photodiodes to receive the image charge from the plurality of photodiodes. A plurality of transfer transistors is coupled to transfer the image charge from the plurality of photodiodes into the floating diffusion in response to a voltage applied to the gate terminal of the plurality of transfer transistors. A first trench isolation structure extends from a frontside of the semiconductor material into the semiconductor material and surrounds the plurality of photodiodes. A second trench isolation structure extends from a backside of the semiconductor material into the semiconductor material. The second trench isolation structure is disposed between individual photodiodes in the plurality of photodiodes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud brokerage service based on multiple clouds. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, the cloud service broker being connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; generating, by the cloud service broker, the cloud service complying with the request based on one or more services registered in a service catalogue of the cloud service broker; newly registering, by the cloud service broker, the generated cloud service in the service catalogue; and providing, by the cloud service broker, the newly registered cloud service to the cloud service client.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for providing a cloud brokerage service based on multiple clouds. The method includes receiving, by a cloud service broker, a request for a cloud service from a cloud service client, the cloud service broker being connected with the multiple cloud-computing systems; providing, by the cloud service broker, a cloud service brokerage based on cloud services of the cloud-computing systems, the cloud service brokerage enabling the cloud service complying with the request to be provided to the cloud service client; transmitting, by the cloud service broker, a control request for the cloud service to one or more cloud-computing systems of the multiple cloud-computing systems; and controlling, by the cloud service broker, a status of the cloud service after the cloud service broker receives an acknowledgment for the control request from the one or more cloud-computing systems.