Abstract: Provided are a neural probe and a method of interfacing the neural probe with neurons in vivo. In one embodiment, the neural probe may include a main body, holes, interface neurons disposed in each hole, and intracellular recording interfaces disposed in each hole, configured to measure the intracellular potentials of the interface neurons. The interface neurons on the neural probe may interconnect with the neurons in the intact brain.

Abstract: A microelectrode grid for continuous interoperative neuromonitoring includes a flexible substrate and a plurality of low impedance electrochemical interface materials on conducting metal pads on the substrate. The metal pads are interconnectable to stimulation/acquisition electronics through metal lead interconnects forming stimulation and recording channels and eventually to bonding pads. The interconnects are insulated with dielectric. A flap within the substrate is movable away from the remainder of the substrate while at least some of the metal pads on the remainder of the substrate can remain in contact with an organ when the flap is moved away from the remainder of the substrate.

Abstract: A nanowire electrode array has a plurality of vertical nanowires extending from a substrate, each of the nanowires including a core of unitary first dielectric material that also covers the substrate and is unitary with the substrate. Each core has a sharp sub-100 nm diameter tip and a wider base, electrode leads on sidewalls to the tip of the nanowire, and second dielectric covering the electrode leads. The tips in the array can penetrate individual cells in cell culture, such as a mini-brain culture. The substrate can include a window for simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording.

Abstract: A flexible electrode array with hundreds or thousands channels for clinical use includes an array of at least hundreds of electrodes on a flexible biocompatible polymer substrate. Perfusion through holes are provided through the substrate. Individual elongate leads connect to each of the electrodes, the elongate lead connections being supported by the flexible biocompatible polymer substrate and extending away from the array. Flexible biocompatible polymer insulates the individual elongate lead connections and supporting the array. An interposer with individual channel connections is conductively bonded to the individual elongate lead connections. Sterile bag packaging encloses a portion of the interposer, where the outer side of the package including the array and individual elongate lead is sterile while the inner side of the packaging is non-sterile. The portion interposer inside the package is configured to connect to a circuit board within the packaging.

Abstract: A flexible electrode array with hundreds or thousands channels for clinical use includes an array of at least hundreds of electrodes on a flexible biocompatible polymer substrate. Perfusion through holes are provided through the substrate. Individual elongate leads connect to each of the electrodes, the elongate lead connections being supported by the flexible biocompatible polymer substrate and extending away from the array. Flexible biocompatible polymer insulates the individual elongate lead connections and supporting the array. An interposer with individual channel connections is conductively bonded to the individual elongate lead connections. Sterile bag packaging encloses a portion of the interposer, where the outer side of the package including the array and individual elongate lead is sterile while the inner side of the packaging is non-sterile. The portion interposer inside the package is configured to connect to a circuit board within the packaging.

Abstract: A nanowire electrode array has a plurality of vertical nanowires extending from a substrate, each of the nanowires including a core of unitary first dielectric material that also covers the substrate and is unitary with the substrate. Each core has a sharp sub-100 nm diameter tip and a wider base, electrode leads on sidewalls to the tip of the nanowire, and second dielectric covering the electrode leads. The tips in the array can penetrate individual cells in cell culture, such as a mini-brain culture. The substrate can include a window for simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording.