Abstract: Provided herein is a stimulating device being equipped with an electrode element recording and stimulating nerve signals for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain or Alzheimer's disease and, most particularly, to a stimulating device providing electrical stimulation for chronic pain or Alzheimer's-causing proteins or measuring bio signals. The stimulating device includes a controller, a substrate being coupled to a bottom of the controller, and having a power receiving and signal delivering electrode being mounted thereon as a single body or being distinctively mounted thereon, wherein the power receiving and signal delivering electrode is capable of wirelessly receiving power and wirelessly delivering bio signals, and an electrode element being coupled to a bottom of the substrate and being capable of delivering electrical stimulation to tissues inside a body.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to convert an analog input signal into a digital output signal may include a first amplification circuit configured to receive the analog input signal and a plurality of reference voltages and amplify differences between the analog input signal and the plurality of reference voltages; a plurality of first capacitors configured to respectively store charges corresponding to signals outputted by the first amplification circuit; a second amplification circuit configured to amplify differences among voltages of the plurality of first capacitors; a plurality of second capacitors configured to respectively store charges corresponding to signals outputted by the second amplification circuit; and a comparison circuit configured to generate the digital output signal by comparing voltages of the plurality of second capacitors with each other.

Abstract: A temperature sensor configured to generate an output signal corresponding to a sensed and/or measured temperature includes: a diode including a cathode coupled to a ground node; a first capacitor including a first end coupled to the ground node; a switch circuit configured to connect a second end of the first capacitor to a positive voltage node or an anode of the diode according to a control signal; switch control circuitry configured to generate the control signal based on a reference voltage with a voltage of the anode; and an output signal generator configured to generate the output signal corresponding to the sensed temperature based on a frequency of the control signal.

Abstract: A dynamic amplifier includes an amplifier configured to differentially amplify first and second input signals to generate first and second output signals, a bias circuit, and a variable impedance circuit. The bias circuit is connected between a first power node configured to supply a first source voltage and the amplifier, and configured to apply bias to the amplifier. The variable impedance circuit is connected between the amplifier and a second power node configured to supply a second source voltage that is lower than the first source voltage. The variable impedance circuit is configured to adjust amplification gain of the amplifier, by adjusting impedance based on a magnitude of one among the first and second input signals and the first and second output signals.

Abstract: Provided herein is a stimulating device being equipped with an electrode element recording and stimulating nerve signals for diagnosis and treatment of chronic pain or Alzheimer's disease and, most particularly, to a stimulating device providing electrical stimulation for chronic pain or Alzheimer's-causing proteins or measuring bio signals. The stimulating device includes a controller, a substrate being coupled to a bottom of the controller, and having a power receiving and signal delivering electrode being mounted thereon as a single body or being distinctively mounted thereon, wherein the power receiving and signal delivering electrode is capable of wirelessly receiving power and wirelessly delivering bio signals, and an electrode element being coupled to a bottom of the substrate and being capable of delivering electrical stimulation to tissues inside a body.

Abstract: Provided herein is a device for measuring heavy metals having an electrode element and, most particularly, a device for measuring heavy metals having an electrode element including a device for measuring heavy metals having an electrode element including a substrate having a wireless communication electrode for wirelessly delivering an electrical variance that is measured from an electrode, when measuring heavy metals, an electrode element delivering an electrical signal for measuring heavy metals, and a controller controlling electric current application to the electrode element and detecting a quantity of electricity between electrodes being measured from a measurement object contaminated by heavy metal, or calculating a displacement between a reference quantity of electricity and a measured quantity of electricity.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an analog signal into a digital signal includes a first converter configured to receive an input signal of an analog type, compare the input signal with a plurality of reference signals, select one of the plurality of reference signals based on the comparison, and output an upper bit that is a portion of the digital signal based on the selected reference signal, a second converter configured to perform an oversampling operation n times based on a residue signal indicating a difference between an upper analog signal corresponding to the upper bit value and the input signal and output an intermediate bit value of the digital signal corresponding to the first to n-th oversampling signals generated respectively during the oversampling operations performed n times, and a third converter configured to output a lower bit value of the digital signal corresponding to the n-th oversampling signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosignal measuring and stimulating device having bioelectrodes in which a signal measurement unit (200) including bioelectrodes composed of a plurality of microelectrodes (210) is disposed on a substrate (100), wherein the signal measurement unit (200), a measured signal processing unit (300), and at least one of a driving power unit (400) and a wireless communication unit (500) are disposed on the substrate (100) in a vertical or lateral direction, and the biosignal measuring and stimulating device measures biosignals or stimulates from the microelectrodes formed in an array pattern.

Abstract: A temperature sensor using a poly-phase filter may include: a poly-phase filter suitable for receiving a divided clock, and having passive elements coupled to have one or more negative poles and one or more positive zeros; a comparator suitable for generating a reference clock by comparing potentials of first and second filter voltages outputted from the poly-phase filter; a phase frequency detector suitable for outputting an up or down signal by comparing the phase of the reference clock to the phase of a comparison clock; a current supply unit suitable for supplying and integrating a charge current under control of the up or the down signal; an oscillator suitable for outputting an oscillation signal; a divider suitable for generating the divided clock and the comparison clock; and a buffer suitable for inverting and non-inverting the divided clock and outputting the inverted and non-inverted divided clocks.

Abstract: A temperature sensor configured to generate an output signal corresponding to a sensed and/or measured temperature includes: a diode including a cathode coupled to a ground node; a first capacitor including a first end coupled to the ground node; a switch circuit configured to connect a second end of the first capacitor to a positive voltage node or an anode of the diode according to a control signal; switch control circuitry configured to generate the control signal based on a reference voltage with a voltage of the anode; and an output signal generator configured to generate the output signal corresponding to the sensed temperature based on a frequency of the control signal.

Abstract: A dynamic amplifier includes an amplifier configured to differentially amplify first and second input signals to generate first and second output signals, a bias circuit, and a variable impedance circuit. The bias circuit is connected between a first power node configured to supply a first source voltage and the amplifier, and configured to apply bias to the amplifier. The variable impedance circuit is connected between the amplifier and a second power node configured to supply a second source voltage that is lower than the first source voltage. The variable impedance circuit is configured to adjust amplification gain of the amplifier, by adjusting impedance based on a magnitude of one among the first and second input signals and the first and second output signals.

Abstract: A temperature sensor using a poly-phase filter may include: a poly-phase filter suitable for receiving a divided clock, and having passive elements coupled to have one or more negative poles and one or more positive zeros; a comparator suitable for generating a reference clock by comparing potentials of first and second filter voltages outputted from the poly-phase filter; a phase frequency detector suitable for outputting an up or down signal by comparing the phase of the reference clock to the phase of a comparison clock; a current supply unit suitable for supplying and integrating a charge current under control of the up or the down signal; an oscillator suitable for outputting an oscillation signal; a divider suitable for generating the divided clock and the comparison clock; and a buffer suitable for inverting and non-inverting the divided clock and outputting the inverted and non-inverted divided clocks.

Abstract: A transmitter may include a first transmission driver configured to drive a first transmission line according to a first input signal, a second transmission driver configured to drive a second transmission line according to a second input signal, a third transmission driver configured to drive a third transmission line according to a third input signal. The transmitter may further include a first active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the first transmission driver, a second active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the second transmission driver, and a third active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the third transmission driver.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an analog signal into a digital signal includes a first converter configured to receive an input signal of an analog type, compare the input signal with a plurality of reference signals, select one of the plurality of reference signals based on the comparison, and output an upper bit that is a portion of the digital signal based on the selected reference signal, a second converter configured to perform an oversampling operation n times based on a residue signal indicating a difference between an upper analog signal corresponding to the upper bit value and the input signal and output an intermediate bit value of the digital signal corresponding to the first to n-th oversampling signals generated respectively during the oversampling operations performed n times, and a third converter configured to output a lower bit value of the digital signal corresponding to the n-th oversampling signal.

Abstract: A transmitter may include a first transmission driver configured to drive a first transmission line according to a first input signal, a second transmission driver configured to drive a second transmission line according to a second input signal, a third transmission driver configured to drive a third transmission line according to a third input signal. The transmitter may further include a first active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the first transmission driver, a second active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the second transmission driver, and a third active inductor circuit coupled to an output terminal of the third transmission driver.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array, a controller, and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. The pixel array includes a plurality of pixels coupled to column lines, respectively, and the plurality of pixels are configured to sense incident lights to generate analog signals through the column lines. The controller generate a conversion control signal that is configurable based on changes of at least one operational condition. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters are coupled to the column lines, respectively. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters perform a delta-sigma modulation and a digital filtering to convert the analog signals to digital signals. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters adjust a conversion gain internally in response to the conversion control signal.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a modulator, a controller, and a digital filter. The modulator generates a modulated signal based on an analog signal. The controller generates a weight control signal. The digital filter includes a weight signal generator and a first integrator. The weight signal generator generates a weight signal based on the weight control signal. The first integrator generates a digital signal corresponding to the analog signal by integrating the weight signal in response to the modulated signal. The weight control signal corresponds to a type and an order of the digital filter.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter includes a modulator, a controller, and a digital filter. The modulator generates a modulated signal based on an analog signal. The controller generates a weight control signal. The digital filter includes a weight signal generator and a first integrator. The weight signal generator generates a weight signal based on the weight control signal. The first integrator generates a digital signal corresponding to the analog signal by integrating the weight signal in response to the modulated signal. The weight control signal corresponds to a type and an order of the digital filter.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array, a controller, and a plurality of analog-to-digital converters. The pixel array includes a plurality of pixels coupled to column lines, respectively, and the plurality of pixels are configured to sense incident lights to generate analog signals through the column lines. The controller generate a conversion control signal that is configurable based on changes of at least one operational condition. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters are coupled to the column lines, respectively. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters perform a delta-sigma modulation and a digital filtering to convert the analog signals to digital signals. The plurality of analog-to-digital converters adjust a conversion gain internally in response to the conversion control signal.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a switched capacitor circuit comprises: an inverting amplifier for removing the offset by using a chopper stabilization circuit; a sampling unit which is connected between an input terminal and the inverting amplifier; and a feedback unit which is connected to the inverting amplifier in parallel.