Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first through a third light-emitting devices, each including a first-color emission layer and being over a substrate; a second-color quantum dot layer over the second light-emitting device; a third-color quantum dot layer over the third light-emitting device; and a low refractive index layer over the second-color quantum dot layer and the third-color quantum dot layer to correspond to the first through third light-emitting devices, and including a matrix part and a plurality of particles in the matrix part, wherein a first portion of the matrix part close to the first through third light-emitting devices includes fluorine.

Abstract: A neural network device includes: (1) a pre-processor configured to select target images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, based on frequencies respectively corresponding to the SEM images, and crop each of the target images into a plurality of cropped images; (2) a neural network processor configured to generate a crop detection image by inferring a target object from each of the plurality of cropped images by using a segmentation model trained to detect the target object in each of the plurality of cropped images; and (3) a post-processor configured to merge crop detection images with each other in a same size as the SEM images, based on position information of the plurality of cropped images.

Abstract: A display apparatus and a method of manufacturing the same, which may improve light efficiency degradation caused by a surface plasmon generated on a cathode electrode. The display apparatus may include a substrate, a plurality of pixel electrodes on the substrate, an emission layer above each of the plurality of pixel electrodes, an opposite electrode above the emission layer to correspond to the plurality of pixel electrodes, wherein the opposite electrode is a single body, a first passivation layer on the opposite electrode and having a thickness less than the size of a wavelength of visible light generated from the emission layer, and a conductive layer on the first passivation layer and including a through-pattern having a preset shape.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first through a third light-emitting devices, each including a first-color emission layer and being over a substrate; a second-color quantum dot layer over the second light-emitting device; a third-color quantum dot layer over the third light-emitting device; and a low refractive index layer over the second-color quantum dot layer and the third-color quantum dot layer to correspond to the first through third light-emitting devices, and including a matrix part and a plurality of particles in the matrix part, wherein a first portion of the matrix part away from the first through third light-emitting devices includes fluorine.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a display apparatus including a substrate and a light-emitting diode, wherein the substrate includes a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area, and the light-emitting diode is arranged in the display area, and a display apparatus manufactured through the method. The method includes forming a dam in the peripheral area, the dam including a photodegradable material, forming an organic layer in an inner region of the dam, the organic layer including a photocurable material, and removing the dam.

Abstract: A method of clustering patterns of an integrated circuit includes; providing a pattern image and numeric data, as input data corresponding to a first pattern to a first model, wherein the first model is trained by a plurality of sample images and a plurality of sample values, obtaining a content latent variable using the first model, and grouping a plurality of content latent variables corresponding to a plurality of patterns into a plurality of clusters based on a Euclidean distance, wherein the numeric data represents at least one attribute of the first pattern.

Abstract: A method for simulating a layout of an integrated circuit manufactured by a semiconductor process includes extracting a plurality of pattern layouts from layout data that defines the layout, generating training data by amplifying the plurality of pattern layouts and at least one parameter provided from the semiconductor process, generating sample data by sampling the training data, generating feature data including a three-dimensional array from the sample data, providing the sample data and the feature data to a simulator and a machine learning model, respectively, and training the machine learning model based on an output of the machine learning model and an output of the simulator.

Abstract: Provided is an optical member. The optical member includes a color filter member including quantum dots and a low-refractive index layer below the color filter member and including a first hollow particle and a second hollow particle. The first hollow particle may have a particle size different from a particle size of the second hollow particle.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a light source member configured to provide a first light, a color conversion member disposed on the light source member and including a first conversion material that converts the first light into a second light and a second conversion material that converts the first light into a third light, and a low-refractive index layer disposed on the light source member and disposed on at least one of upper and lower portions of the color conversion member. The low-refractive index layer includes a matrix part, a plurality of hollow inorganic particles dispersed in the matrix part, and a plurality of void parts defined by the matrix part.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a light source member configured to provide a first light, a color conversion member disposed on the light source member and including a first conversion material that converts the first light into a second light and a second conversion material that converts the first light into a third light, and a low-refractive index layer disposed on the light source member and disposed on at least one of upper and lower portions of the color conversion member. The low-refractive index layer includes a matrix part, a plurality of hollow inorganic particles dispersed in the matrix part, and a plurality of void parts defined by the matrix part.

Abstract: Provided is an optical member. The optical member includes a color filter member including quantum dots and a low-refractive index layer below the color filter member and including a first hollow particle and a second hollow particle. The first hollow particle may have a particle size different from a particle size of the second hollow particle.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first through a third light-emitting devices, each including a first-color emission layer and being over a substrate; a second-color quantum dot layer over the second light-emitting device; a third-color quantum dot layer over the third light-emitting device; and a low refractive index layer over the second-color quantum dot layer and the third-color quantum dot layer to correspond to the first through third light-emitting devices, and including a matrix part and a plurality of particles in the matrix part, wherein a first portion of the matrix part away from the first through third light-emitting devices includes fluorine.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a light source member configured to provide a first light, a color conversion member disposed on the light source member and including a first conversion material that converts the first light into a second light and a second conversion material that converts the first light into a third light, and a low-refractive index layer disposed on the light source member and disposed on at least one of upper and lower portions of the color conversion member. The low-refractive index layer includes a matrix part, a plurality of hollow inorganic particles dispersed in the matrix part, and a plurality of void parts defined by the matrix part.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a supporting member supporting the display panel, a filling member disposed under the supporting member and overlapping a first area of the supporting member, a heat-releasing member disposed under the supporting member and overlapping a second area of the supporting member, and a light-blocking member. The supporting member includes an opening which overlaps a portion of the display panel. The filling member includes an opening which overlaps the opening of the supporting member. The light-blocking member is disposed in the opening of the filling member and overlaps the opening of the supporting member.

Abstract: A display device includes: a light source configured to generate a light; a display panel configured to display images using the light; a light guide having at least one surface adjacent the light source; and an optical member between the light guide member and the display panel. The optical member includes: a low refractive index layer on a light exit surface of the light guide member; a first cover layer on the low refractive index layer; and a light conversion layer on the first cover layer and configured to convert a wavelength band of an incident light.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate comprising a display area and a non-display area. A light-emitting device is on the display area. A thin-film encapsulation layer is on the light-emitting device. The thin-film encapsulation layer includes at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. The organic encapsulation layer includes a plurality of organic particles having a core-shell structure that includes a hollow core and a shell surrounding the hollow core. A touch unit is on the thin-film encapsulation layer.

Abstract: Provided is an optical member. The optical member includes a color filter member including quantum dots and a low-refractive index layer below the color filter member and including a first hollow particle and a second hollow particle. The first hollow particle may have a particle size different from a particle size of the second hollow particle.

Abstract: A display device includes: a light source configured to generate a light; a display panel configured to display images using the light; a light guide having at least one surface adjacent the light source; and an optical member between the light guide member and the display panel. The optical member includes: a low refractive index layer on a light exit surface of the light guide member; a first cover layer on the low refractive index layer; and a light conversion layer on the first cover layer and configured to convert a wavelength band of an incident light.

Abstract: A display device includes: a light source configured to generate a light; a display panel configured to display images using the light; a light guide having at least one surface adjacent the light source; and an optical member between the light guide member and the display panel. The optical member includes: a low refractive index layer on a light exit surface of the light guide member; a first cover layer on the low refractive index layer; and a light conversion layer on the first cover layer and configured to convert a wavelength band of an incident light.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate comprising a display area and a non-display area. A light-emitting device is on the display area. A thin-film encapsulation layer is on the light-emitting device. The thin-film encapsulation layer includes at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. The organic encapsulation layer includes a plurality of organic particles having a core-shell structure that includes a hollow core and a shell surrounding the hollow core. A touch unit is on the thin-film encapsulation layer.