Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring air currents on the surface of a substrate, which can accurately measure the magnitude and direction of air currents on the surface of a wafer with wafer-type air current measurement sensors, are provided. The apparatus includes: a first air current measurement module measuring a magnitude of air currents on a surface of a first substrate, which is processed in accordance with a semiconductor manufacturing process; a second air current measurement module measuring a movement direction of the air currents; and a power module supplying power to the first and second air current measurement modules, wherein the first air current measurement module, the second air current measurement module, and the power module are mounted on a second substrate, which has the same shape as the first substrate.

Abstract: In a driving system, first and second inverters are connected to a driving motor, one end of a stator winding through which 3-phase current flows is connected to an output line of the first inverter, and the other end of the stator winding is connected to an output line of the second inverter. A winding pattern of the driving motor includes: coils wound in slots defined in the stator and to which 3-phase current is applied; coils wound on innermost and outermost sides based on a direction toward a rotating shaft of the driving motor in the slots, and being energized by different AC phases; and coils disposed between a first coil located on the outermost side and a second coil located on the innermost side, and being energized by the same AC phases as those of the first and second coils.

Abstract: The present invention provides a recombinant peptide vector comprising a leader peptide, linker DNAs and a DNA construct formed by operably linking expression control sequences with a therapeutic gene encoding a fusion protein where the extracellular domain of CTLA4 is bound to the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin, wherein the leader peptide is linked to both ends of the DNA construct by the linker DNAs. Also, the present invention provides a method for preparing the recombinant peptide vector, and a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which comprises a pharmaceutically effective amount of the recombinant peptide vector, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide vector comprising a leader peptide, a linker DNA, and a desired gene. This peptide vector can achieve gene transfer without cell specificity and does not induce host immune responses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a peptide vector comprising a leader peptide, a linker DNA, and a desired gene. This peptide vector can achieve gene transfer without cell specificity and does not induce host immune responses.