Abstract: A heat pump and a method for operating a heat pump are provided. The heat pump may include an outdoor unit including a compressor that compresses a refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a hybrid unit including at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant supplied from the outdoor unit and a fluid, such as water, and at least one refrigerant control valve that controls an amount of refrigerant flowing through the at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger, a plurality of indoor units each including an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the fluid supplied from the hybrid unit and indoor air, and a controller. The controller may calculate operation loads of the plurality of indoor units and control an opening degree of the at least one refrigerant control value based on the operation loads of the plurality of indoor units.

Abstract: An air conditioning system may include an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between refrigerant and water; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the plurality of heating pipes or the plurality of cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor device that is configured to circulate refrigerant and that includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger, a plurality of indoor devices configured to circulate water, and a heat exchange device that connects the outdoor device with the indoor device. The heat exchange device includes a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the water, and a switch device configured to control flow of refrigerant between the indoor device and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus and a method for controlling an air conditioning apparatus are provided. The air conditioning apparatus may include a controller that performs an abnormal operation diagnosis of the air conditioning apparatus based on an output signal of a pump, thereby directly checking introduction of air into pipes or clogging of valves.

Abstract: A ventilation system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of dedicated outdoor air systems, each having one or more temperature sensors and configured to cause outdoor air to flow into an indoor space and indoor air to flow outside thereof; and a controller configured to control the plurality of dedicated outdoor air systems based on temperature data sensed by temperature sensors included in the plurality of dedicated outdoor air systems, wherein the controller: in response to temperature uniformity of the indoor space, in which the plurality of dedicated outdoor air systems are installed, satisfying a predetermined temperature uniformity criterion, controls all the dedicated outdoor air systems to operate in a first operation mode in which the dedicated outdoor air systems operate according to a set temperature; and in response to the temperature uniformity not satisfying the predetermined temperature uniformity criterion, controls the dedicated outdoor air systems to op

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes: an outdoor unit configured to circulate refrigerant; an indoor unit configured to circulate water; a heat exchange device that connects the indoor unit to the outdoor unit and that is configured to perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and the water; and a plurality of pipes and valves. The heat exchange device includes first and second heat exchangers. The air conditioning apparatus is configured to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation based on operating one or both of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and one or more of the valves.

Abstract: A heat pump and a method for operating a heat pump are provided. The heat pump may include an outdoor unit including a compressor that compresses a refrigerant and an outdoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outdoor air, a hybrid unit including at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant supplied from the outdoor unit and a fluid, such as water, and at least one refrigerant control valve that controls an amount of refrigerant flowing through the at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger, a plurality of indoor units each including an indoor heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the fluid supplied from the hybrid unit and indoor air, and a controller. The controller may calculate operation loads of the plurality of indoor units and control an opening degree of the at least one refrigerant control value based on the operation loads of the plurality of indoor units.

Abstract: A heat pump and a method for operating a heat pump are provided. The heat pump may include a compressor that compresses a refrigerant, at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and a fluid, such as water, a pump including a motor, the pump forcing the fluid to flow into the at least one fluid-refrigerant heat exchanger, and a controller. The controller may be configured to calculate power consumption of the pump, calculate a flow rate of fluid flowing due to the pump based on the power consumption of the pump, and control an operation of the pump to be stopped when the flow rate of the fluid is less than a predetermined reference flow rate.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes an outdoor heat exchanger in which N heat exchange units are spaced apart from one another sequentially in a vertical direction N expansion valves respectively connected to the N heat exchange units; N hot gas pipes respectively connected to the N heat exchange units; N hot gas valves respectively installed in the N hot gas pipes; and a controller configured to control the N expansion valves and the N hot gas valves to defrost the N heat exchange units, wherein the controller is configured to defrost a bottom heat exchange unit first, then defrost a top heat exchange unit, and defrost the heat exchange units located under the top heat exchange unit sequentially from a second highest heat exchange unit to the bottom heat exchange unit after defrosting the top heat exchange unit.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus and a method for controlling an air conditioning apparatus are provided. The air conditioning apparatus may include a controller that performs an abnormal operation diagnosis of the air conditioning apparatus based on an output signal of a pump, thereby directly checking introduction of air into pipes or clogging of valves.

Abstract: A fluidic actuator including an angled bottom plate having a cap and first and second plate arms on opposing sides of and extending from the cap. The fluidic actuator further includes a top plate coupled about the cap of the angled bottom plate and a rotatable coupling of the angled bottom plate and top plate.

Abstract: A method of defending against memory sharing-based side-channel attacks comprises the steps of: acquiring a binary code of an original program; disassembling the binary code; finding an offset from a disassembled code; embedding a detour random value code including a detour instruction and a random value of a fixed or variable length at a location of a found offset; and outputting a rewritten program generated by embedding the detour random value code. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to defend against the memory sharing-based side-channel attacks even with low overhead, and solve the problem of entropy shortage of the existing protection techniques such as KASLR, ASLR and the like.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes an outdoor heat exchanger in which N heat exchange units are spaced apart from one another sequentially in a vertical direction N expansion valves respectively connected to the N heat exchange units; N hot gas pipes respectively connected to the N heat exchange units; N hot gas valves respectively installed in the N hot gas pipes; and a controller configured to control the N expansion valves and the N hot gas valves to defrost the N heat exchange units, wherein the controller is configured to defrost a bottom heat exchange unit first, then defrost a top heat exchange unit, and defrost the heat exchange units located under the top heat exchange unit sequentially from a second highest heat exchange unit to the bottom heat exchange unit after defrosting the top heat exchange unit.

Abstract: An actuator that includes a bottom plate, a top-plate, and a first and second hub assembly extending between the bottom and top plates. The actuator can further include a first and second bellows disposed on opposing sides of the hub assemblies, the first and second bellows each extending between and coupled to the top plate and bottom plate. The actuator can also include a plurality of washers disposed between the top and bottom plates, with each of the washers coupled to the first and second hub assembly, a first set of the plurality of washers surrounding the first bellows and a second set of the plurality of washers surrounding the second bellows.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes an outdoor device that is configured to circulate refrigerant and that includes a compressor and an outdoor heat exchanger, a plurality of indoor devices configured to circulate water, and a heat exchange device that connects the outdoor device with the indoor device. The heat exchange device includes a heat exchanger configured to exchange heat between the refrigerant and the water, and a switch device configured to control flow of refrigerant between the indoor device and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioning apparatus includes: an outdoor unit configured to circulate refrigerant; an indoor unit configured to circulate water; a heat exchange device that connects the indoor unit to the outdoor unit and that is configured to perform heat exchange between the refrigerant and the water; and a plurality of pipes and valves. The heat exchange device includes first and second heat exchangers. The air conditioning apparatus is configured to perform a cooling operation or a heating operation based on operating one or both of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and one or more of the valves.

Abstract: An air conditioning system according to an embodiment may include an outdoor unit including a compressor; at least one distributor connected to the outdoor unit and including a condenser and an evaporator that exchange heat between a refrigerant and water with each other; a plurality of heating pipes in communication with the condenser; a plurality of cooling pipes in communication with the evaporator; a plurality of fan coil units connected to the heating pipes or the cooling pipes; and a controller configured to perform a heating pipe search operation for matching a portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of heating pipes, and a cooling pipe search operation for matching another portion of the plurality of fan coil units with the plurality of cooling pipes, in parallel.

Abstract: An actuator that includes a bottom plate, a top-plate, and a first and second hub assembly extending between the bottom and top plates. The actuator can further include a first and second bellows disposed on opposing sides of the hub assemblies, the first and second bellows each extending between and coupled to the top plate and bottom plate. The actuator can also include a plurality of washers disposed between the top and bottom plates, with each of the washers coupled to the first and second hub assembly, a first set of the plurality of washers surrounding the first bellows and a second set of the plurality of washers surrounding the second bellows.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a plate-shaped secondary battery constructed in a structure in which an electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/anode structure is mounted in a battery case, and the battery case is sealed by thermal welding, wherein the battery case is provided at a sealing portion around an electrode assembly receiving part thereof with an exhaust guide sealing portion configured in a structure in which a width of the exhaust guide sealing portion decreases from an inside of the sealing portion toward an outside of the sealing portion such that a sealing force of the exhaust guide sealing portion is first released, when high-pressure gas is generated in a battery cell, and therefore, the high-pressure gas is exhausted outside, the exhaust guide sealing portion being thermally welded with a sealing force less than that of a sealing portion located at a remaining region (‘a remaining sealing portion’), and the battery case is further provided at a middle of the exhaust guide sealing portion with a bridge